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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Biomechanics >Reducing ground reaction forces in gymnastics' landings may increase internal loading.
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Reducing ground reaction forces in gymnastics' landings may increase internal loading.

机译：减少体操着陆点的地面反作用力可能会增加内部负荷。

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The aim of this study was to use a subject-specific seven-link wobbling mass model of a gymnast, and a multi-layer model of a landing mat, to determine landing strategies that minimise ground reaction forces (GRF) and internal forces. Subject-specific strength parameters were determined that defined the maximum voluntary torque/angle/angular velocity relationship at each joint. These relationships were used to produce subject-specific 'lumped' linear muscle models for each joint. Muscle activation histories were optimised using a Simplex algorithm to minimise GRF or bone bending moments for forward and backward rotating vault landings. Optimising the landing strategy to minimise each of the GRF reduced the peak vertical and horizontal GRF by 9% for the backward rotating vault and by 8% and 48% for the forward rotating vault, compared to a matching simulation. However, most internal loading measures (bone bending moments, joint reaction forces and muscle forces) increased compared to the matching simulation. Optimising the landing strategy to minimise the peak bone bending moments resulted in reduced internal loading measures, and in most cases reduced GRF. Bone bending moments were reduced by 27% during the forward rotating vault and by 2% during the backward rotating vault landings when compared to the matching simulations. It is possible for a gymnast to modify their landing strategy in order to minimise internal forces and lower GRF. However, using a reduction in GRF, due to a change in landing strategy, as a basis for a reduction in injury potential in vaulting movements may not be appropriate since internal loading can increase.
机译：这项研究的目的是使用体操运动员的特定于主题的七连杆摆动质量模型和降落垫的多层模型，以确定使地面反作用力（GRF）和内力最小化的降落策略。确定特定于受试者的力量参数，以定义每个关节处的最大自愿扭矩/角度/角速度关系。这些关系用于为每个关节生成特定于受试者的“集总”线性肌肉模型。使用Simplex算法对肌肉激活历史进行了优化，以最大程度减少向前和向后旋转穹顶着陆时的GRF或骨骼弯曲力矩。与匹配模拟相比，优化着陆策略以最小化每个GRF可使反向旋转拱顶的垂直和水平GRF峰值分别降低9％，正向旋转拱顶的8％和48％。但是，与匹配模拟相比，大多数内部载荷测量（骨骼弯矩，关节反作用力和肌肉力）增加了。优化着陆策略以最大程度地降低峰值骨弯矩可减少内部载荷，并在大多数情况下降低GRF。与匹配模拟相比，在向前旋转的穹顶期间，骨弯矩降低了27％，在向后旋转的穹顶着陆期间，骨弯矩降低了2％。体操运动员可以修改其着陆策略，以最大程度地减小内力并降低GRF。但是，由于着陆策略的改变，使用减少GRF来作为减少跳马运动中潜在伤害的基础可能是不合适的，因为内部载荷会增加。

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