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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research >The role of geranylgeranylation in bone resorption and its suppression by bisphosphonates in fetal bone explants in vitro: A clue to the mechanism of action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates.
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The role of geranylgeranylation in bone resorption and its suppression by bisphosphonates in fetal bone explants in vitro: A clue to the mechanism of action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates.

机译:geranylgeranylation在胎儿体内外植体中的骨吸收及其对双膦酸盐的抑制作用:含氮双膦酸盐作用机理的线索。

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摘要

Bisphosphonates, synthetic compounds used in the treatment of skeletal disorders, suppress osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by a yet unidentified mechanism. Previous studies showed that some bisphosphonates can inhibit enzymes of the mevalonate pathway, and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit protein prenylation in mouse macrophages. In the present study, we examined the involvement of the mevalonate pathway in basal and bisphosphonate-inhibited osteoclastic resorption in fetal mouse long bone explants, an experimental model representative of the in vivo action of bisphosphonates. Mevastatin inhibited bone resorption at concentrations similar to those of the potent bisphosphonate ibandronate. This effect could be totally reversed by the addition of mevalnate and geranylgeraniol but not farnesol. The first two intermediates but not the latter could also stimulate basal bone resorption. The inhibitory effect of ibandronate on bone resorption could be totally reversed by the addition of geranylgeraniol and to a small extent only by mevalonate and farnesol, indicating that the bisphosphonate acts at a level of the mevalonate pathway different from that of mevastatin. Histologic sections of ibandronate-treated bone explants showed further rescue of functioning osteoclasts during concomitant treatment with geranylgeraniol. Finally, the reversibility of bisphosphonate inhibited osteoclastic resorption by geranylgeraniol was also demonstrated for the potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates alendronate, olpadronate, and risedronate but not for the non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates clodronate and etidronate. These studies demonstrate that protein geranylgeranylation but not farnesylation is important for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and that nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates exert their antiresorptive action probably by affecting enzymes of the mevalonate pathway involved in the generation of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
机译:双膦酸盐是用于治疗骨骼疾病的合成化合物,其机制尚不清楚,可抑制破骨细胞介导的骨吸收。先前的研究表明,某些双膦酸盐可以抑制甲羟戊酸途径的酶,而含氮双膦酸盐则可以抑制小鼠巨噬细胞中的蛋白质异戊二烯化。在本研究中,我们检查了甲羟戊酸途径在胎儿小鼠长骨外植体的基础和双膦酸盐抑制的破骨细胞吸收中的参与,该实验模型代表了双膦酸盐的体内作用。美伐他汀以与强效双膦酸盐伊班膦酸盐相似的浓度抑制骨吸收。通过添加甲羟戊酸酯和香叶基香叶醇而不是法尼醇可以完全逆转这种作用。前两个中间体但不是后者也可以刺激基础骨吸收。伊班膦酸酯对骨吸收的抑制作用可以通过加入香叶基香叶醇而完全逆转,并且在很小的程度上仅通过甲羟戊酸酯和法尼醇可以逆转,这表明双膦酸酯在甲羟戊酸途径的作用水平不同于美伐他汀。依班膦酸盐处理的骨外植体的组织学切片显示,在同时使用香叶基香叶醇治疗期间,破骨细胞的功能得到了进一步的挽救。最后,对于强效的含氮双膦酸盐,阿仑膦酸盐,奥贝膦酸盐和利塞膦酸盐,也证明了双膦酸盐可逆性抑制了香叶基香叶醇的破骨细胞吸收,但对于非含氮双膦酸盐氯膦酸盐和依替膦酸盐则没有。这些研究表明蛋白Geranylgeranyation但不是法呢基化对于破骨细胞介导的骨吸收很重要,并且含氮的双膦酸盐可能通过影响参与生成Geranylgeranyl焦磷酸的甲羟戊酸途径的酶来发挥其抗吸收作用。

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