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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism >Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy-Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain
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Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy-Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain

机译：为什么脑部新陈代谢不支持燃烧脂肪酸来提供能量-关于使用游离脂肪酸作为大脑燃料的弊端的思考

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It is puzzling that hydrogen-rich fatty acids are used only poorly as fuel in the brain. The long-standing belief that a slow passage of fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier might be the reason. However, this has been corrected by experimental results. Otherwise, accumulated nonesterified fatty acids or their activated derivatives could exert detrimental activities on mitochondria, which might trigger the mitochondrial route of apoptosis. Here, we draw attention to three particular problems: (1) ATP generation linked to β-oxidation of fatty acids demands more oxygen than glucose, thereby enhancing the risk for neurons to become hypoxic; (2) β-oxidation of fatty acids generates superoxide, which, taken together with the poor anti-oxidative defense in neurons, causes severe oxidative stress; (3) the rate of ATP generation based on adipose tissue-derived fatty acids is slower than that using blood glucose as fuel. Thus, in periods of extended continuous and rapid neuronal firing, fatty acid oxidation cannot guarantee rapid ATP generation in neurons. We conjecture that the disadvantages connected with using fatty acids as fuel have created evolutionary pressure on lowering the expression of the β-oxidation enzyme equipment in brain mitochondria to avoid extensive fatty acid oxidation and to favor glucose oxidation in brain.
机译：令人困惑的是，富含氢的脂肪酸仅在大脑中被用作燃料。长期以来一直认为脂肪酸缓慢通过血脑屏障的原因可能就是原因。但是，这已被实验结果纠正。否则，积累的非酯化脂肪酸或其活化的衍生物可能对线粒体产生有害的活性，这可能触发线粒体的凋亡途径。在这里，我们提请注意三个特定的问题：（1）与脂肪酸的β-氧化有关的ATP产生比葡萄糖需要更多的氧气，从而增加了神经元缺氧的风险; （2）脂肪酸的β-氧化产生超氧化物，再加上神经元抗氧化防御能力差，会引起严重的氧化应激。 （3）基于脂肪组织脂肪酸的ATP生成速率要慢于以葡萄糖为燃料的ATP生成速率。因此，在长时间连续且快速的神经元放电期间，脂肪酸氧化不能保证神经元中快速的ATP产生。我们推测，与使用脂肪酸作为燃料有关的弊端已经降低了脑线粒体中β-氧化酶设备的表达，从而避免了广泛的脂肪酸氧化并有利于大脑中的葡萄糖氧化，从而产生了进化压力。

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