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Mixed finite elements for numerical weather prediction

机译:数值天气预报的混合有限元

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We show how mixed finite element methods that satisfy the conditions of finite element exterior calculus can be used for the horizontal discretisation of dynamical cores for numerical weather prediction on pseudo-uniform grids. This family of mixed finite element methods can be thought of in the numerical weather prediction context as a generalisation of the popular polygonal C-grid finite difference methods. There are a few major advantages: the mixed finite element methods do not require an orthogonal grid, and they allow a degree of flexibility that can be exploited to ensure an appropriate ratio between the velocity and pressure degrees of freedom so as to avoid spurious mode branches in the numerical dispersion relation. These methods preserve several properties of the C-grid method when applied to linear barotropic wave propagation, namely: (a) energy conservation, (b) mass conservation, (c) no spurious pressure modes, and (d) steady geostrophic modes on the f-plane. We explain how these properties are preserved, and describe two examples that can be used on pseudo-uniform grids: the recently-developed modified RTk-Q(k-1) element pairs on quadrilaterals and the BDFM1-P1 DG element pair on triangles. All of these mixed finite element methods have an exact 2:1 ratio of velocity degrees of freedom to pressure degrees of freedom. Finally we illustrate the properties with some numerical examples.
机译:我们展示了如何将满足有限元外部演算条件的混合有限元方法用于动态岩心的水平离散化,以便在伪均匀网格上进行数值天气预报。可以在数值天气预报的背景下将这种混合有限元方法系列看作是流行的多边形C网格有限差分法的推广。有几个主要优点:混合有限元方法不需要正交网格,并且它们允许一定程度的灵活性,可以利用这种灵活性来确保速度和压力自由度之间的适当比例,从而避免虚假模式分支。在数值色散关系中。当应用于线性正压波传播时,这些方法保留了C网格方法的几个属性,即:(a)节能,(b)质量守恒,(c)无杂散压力模式和(d)稳定的地转模式。 F平面。我们将解释如何保留这些属性,并描述两个可用于伪均匀网格的示例:四边形上最近开发的改进的RTk-Q(k-1)元素对和三角形上的BDFM1-P1 DG元素对。所有这些混合有限元方法都具有速度自由度与压力自由度的精确2:1比率。最后,我们通过一些数值示例来说明这些属性。

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