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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Coastal Conservation >A GIS-based coastal monitoring and surveillance observatory on tropical islands exposed to climate change and extreme events: the example of Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean
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A GIS-based coastal monitoring and surveillance observatory on tropical islands exposed to climate change and extreme events: the example of Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean

机译：基于GIS的沿海岛屿监测和监视天文台，对遭受气候变化和极端事件影响的热带岛屿进行研究：以印度洋马约特岛为例

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摘要

The global change currently observed is deemed to generate accelerated coastal erosion and an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Populated tropical island coasts are particularly vulnerable. Awareness of this vulnerability has prompted recourse to the construction of operational observatories on the coastal dynamics of several French tropical islands, including Mayotte. The aims of this initiative are to characterise the coastal morphology of tropical islands and to monitor their rhythms and mechanisms of evolution, adaptation and resilience in the face of extreme climate and wave events (cyclones, storms, surges, strong swells...). Based oh this, appropriate defence and/or adaptation strategies can be developed and implemented. Mayotte Island is a fine example of the implementation and utility of such an observatory. The island, in the southwest Indian Ocean, is characterised by a highly diversified coral reef-lagoon complex comprising pocket beaches and mangroves subject to increasing pressure from strong island demographic growth. The operational observatory set up on the island incorporates a Geographical Information System (GIS) based on a network sourced by various field measurements and observations conducted on the coastal forms on the basis of a predefined protocol and methodology. Field experiments include hydrodynamic measurements, topographic surveys, and observations, and these are coupled with the analysis of aerial photographs and regional meteorological data in order to gain a better understanding of the coastal morphology and of the evolution of the reef-lagoon complex. The results fed into the observatory and analysed through the GIS provide interactive maps of the coastal landforms and their evolution and dynamics over various timescales. Within a local framework of strong socio-economic and demographic pressures, and a more global context of environmental change, this observatory should lead to a better understanding and prediction of the morphodynamics of the coast of Mayotte, while providing data to the public at large, to researchers, and to stakeholders involved in decision-making in the face of the major and rapid environmental and socio-economic changes liable to affect the fragile reef-mangrove systems and pocket beaches.
机译：当前观察到的全球变化被认为会加速海岸侵蚀，增加极端天气事件的频率和强度。人口稠密的热带岛屿海岸特别脆弱。意识到这一脆弱性，促使人们依靠包括马约特岛在内的几个法国热带岛屿的海岸动态来建立业务观测站。该计划的目的是表征热带岛屿的沿海形态，并在面对极端气候和海浪事件（旋风，风暴，潮汐，强烈浪潮...）时监测其节奏，演变，适应和复原力的机制。基于此，可以制定和实施适当的防御和/或适应策略。马约特岛是此类天文台的实施和实用性的典范。该岛位于印度洋西南部，其特点是高度多样化的珊瑚礁泻湖带，其中包括小袋海滩和红树林，受到岛屿人口增长强劲的压力越来越大。在岛上建立的业务天文台结合了地理信息系统（GIS），该系统基于一个网络，该网络由各种野外测量和观察得出，这些网络是根据预定的协议和方法在沿海地区进行的。野外实验包括水动力测量，地形调查和观测，并与航空照片和区域气象数据进行分析，以便对沿海形态和礁湖泻湖综合体的演化有更好的了解。输入到天文台并通过GIS分析的结果提供了沿海地貌及其在不同时间尺度上的演变和动态的交互式地图。在强大的社会经济和人口压力的地方框架内，以及更广泛的环境变化全球背景下，该天文台应有助于更好地理解和预测马约特岛海岸的地貌动力学，同时向广大公众提供数据，对于研究人员和参与决策的利益相关者而言，面临着可能影响脆弱的珊瑚礁-红树林系统和小型海滩的重大，快速的环境和社会经济变化。

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