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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology >Evaluation of Modeling Water-Vapor-Weighted Mean Tropospheric Temperature for GNSS-Integrated Water Vapor Estimates in Brazil
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Evaluation of Modeling Water-Vapor-Weighted Mean Tropospheric Temperature for GNSS-Integrated Water Vapor Estimates in Brazil

机译：对巴西GNSS综合水汽估算的水汽加权平均对流层温度的评估

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Meteorological application of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data over Brazil has increased significantly in recent years, motivated by the significant amount of investment from research agencies. Several projects have, among their principal objectives, the monitoring of humidity over Brazilian territory. These research projects require integrated water vapor (IWV) values with maximum quality, and, accordingly, appropriate data from the installed meteorological stations, together with the GNSS antennas, have been used. The model that is applied to estimate the water-vapor-weighted mean tropospheric temperature (Tm) is a source of uncertainty in the estimate of IWV values using the ground-based GNSS receivers in Brazil. Two global models and one algorithm for Tm, developed through the use of radiosondes, numerical weather prediction products, and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), as well as two regional models, were evaluated using a dataset of ~78 000 radiosonde profiles collected at 22 stations in Brazil during a 12-yr period (1999-2010). The regional models (denoted the Brazilian and regional models) were developed with the use of multivariate statistical analysis using ~90 000 radiosonde profiles launched at 12 stations over a 32-yr period (1961-93). The main conclusion is that the Brazilian model and two global models exhibit similar performance if the complete dataset and the entire period are taken into consideration. However, for seasonal and local variations of the Tm values, the Brazilian model was better than the other two models for most stations. The Tm values from ERA-40 present no bias, but their scatter is larger than that in the other models.
机译：近年来，由于研究机构的大量投资，全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）数据在巴西的气象应用显着增加。几个项目的主要目标之一是监视巴西境内的湿度。这些研究项目要求具有最高质量的综合水汽（IWV）值，因此，已使用来自已安装气象站的适当数据以及GNSS天线。用于估算水汽加权平均对流层温度（Tm）的模型是使用巴西的地面GNSS接收器估算IWV值的不确定性来源。通过使用无线电探空仪，数值天气预报产品和40年ECMWF重新分析（ERA-40）开发的两个全局模型和一个Tm算法，使用约78个数据集进行了评估。在过去的12年中（1999-2010年），在巴西的22个台站收集了000个无线电探空仪资料。区域模型（分别表示为巴西模型和区域模型）是利用多变量统计分析方法开发的，该方法使用了在32年间（1961-93年）从12个台站发射的约90 000个探空仪资料。主要结论是，如果考虑完整的数据集和整个时期，则巴西模型和两个全局模型表现出相似的性能。但是，对于Tm值的季节性和局部变化，对于大多数台站而言，巴西模型优于其他两个模型。 ERA-40的Tm值无偏差，但其散度大于其他模型中的散度。

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