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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical toxicology: the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists >Toxicological analysis of blood and urine samples from female victims of alleged sexual assault
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Toxicological analysis of blood and urine samples from female victims of alleged sexual assault

机译：涉嫌性侵犯的女性受害者的血液和尿液样本的毒理学分析

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Background. The toxicological analysis of blood and urine samples from victims of alleged sexual assault represents a crucial part of the forensic evidence when this crime is investigated. Material and methods. We searched a national forensic toxicology database (TOXBASE) to find cases registered as sexual assault, rape, including date-rape that the police had requested the analysis of ethanol and other drugs. Between 2008 and 2010, N = 1460 such cases met this criteria. After immunological screening of urine or blood samples, all positive results were verified by more specific analytical methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for illicit drugs. A large number of prescription drugs and their metabolites were determined by capillary GC with nitrogen-phosphorous (N-P) detector. GC with flame ionization detector (FID) was used to analyze ethanol and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in blood at limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.1 g/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. Results. The average age (± standard deviation) of all victims was 24±10.3 years and 72% were between 15 and 29 years. Ethanol and other drugs were not detected in 31% of cases (N 459). Blood-ethanol was positive in N = 658 cases at mean, median and highest concentrations of 1.23 g/L, 1.22 g/L and 4.3 g/L, respectively. Ethanol plus drugs were present in N = 188 cases (13%) and one or more other drugs alone in N = 210 cases (14%). Cannabis (marijuana) and amphetamines were the major illicit drugs, whereas diazepam, alprazolam, zopiclone as well as newer antidepressants were the major prescription drugs identified. Conclusions. The mean age of victims of sexual assault in Sweden, the proportion of drug positive to drug negative cases, the predominance of ethanol positive cases as well as the types of other drugs showed a remarkably good agreement in two studies spanning a period of 8 years.
机译：背景。对涉嫌性侵犯的受害者的血液和尿液样本进行毒理学分析，是对这种犯罪进行调查时法医证据的重要组成部分。材料与方法。我们搜索了一个国家法医毒理学数据库（TOXBASE），以查找注册为性侵犯，强奸的案件，包括警方已要求对乙醇和其他药物进行分析的强奸案。在2008年至2010年之间，N = 1460个此类案例满足了此标准。在对尿液或血液样本进行免疫筛查之后，所有阳性结果均通过更具体的分析方法进行了验证，例如用于非法药物的气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）。通过带氮磷（N-P）检测器的毛细管气相色谱法测定了大量处方药及其代谢物。使用带有火焰电离检测器（FID）的GC分析定量限（LOQ）分别为0.1 g / L和8 mg / L的血液中的乙醇和γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）。结果。所有受害者的平均年龄（±标准差）为24±10.3岁，其中72％在15至29岁之间。在31％的病例中未检测到乙醇和其他药物（N 459）。在N = 658例患者中，平均，中位数和最高浓度分别为1.23 g / L，1.22 g / L和4.3 g / L，血液乙醇呈阳性。 N = 188例（13％）中存在乙醇加药，N = 210例（14％）中仅存在一种或多种其他药物。大麻（大麻）和苯丙胺是主要的违禁药物，而地西epa，阿普唑仑，佐匹克隆和新型抗抑郁药是确定的主要处方药。结论瑞典的性攻击受害者平均年龄，药物阳性病例与阴性病例的比例，乙醇阳性病例的占优势以及其他药物的类型在两项为期8年的研究中显示出非常好的一致性。

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