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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of environmental monitoring: JEM >Portable XRF analysis of occupational air filter samples from different workplaces using different sampler: final results, summary and conclusion
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Portable XRF analysis of occupational air filter samples from different workplaces using different sampler: final results, summary and conclusion

机译：使用不同的采样器对来自不同工作场所的职业空气过滤器样品进行便携式XRF分析：最终结果，总结和结论

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This paper concludes a five-year program on research into the use of a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer for analyzing lead in air sampling filters from different industrial environments, including mining, manufacturing and recycling. The results from four of these environments have already been reported. The results from two additional metal processes are presented here. At both of these sites, lead was a minor component of the total airborne metals and interferences from other elements were minimal. Nevertheless, only results from the three sites where lead was the most abundant metal were used in the overall calculation of method accuracy. The XRF analyzer was used to interrogate the filters, which were then subjected to acid digestion and analysis by inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The filter samples were collected using different filter-holders or "samplers'' where the size (diameter), depth and homogeneity of aerosol deposit varied from sampler to sampler. The aerosol collection effeciencies of the samplers were expected to differ, especially for larger particles. The distribution of particles once having entered the sampler was also expected to differ between samplers. Samplers were paired to allow the between-sampler variability to be addressed, and, in some cases, internal sampler wall deposits were evaluated and compared to the filter catch. It was found, rather surprisingly, that analysis of the filter deposits (by ICP- OES) of all the samplers gave equivalent results. It was also found that deposits on some of the sampler walls, which in some protocols are considered part of the sample, could be significant in comparison to the filter deposit. If it is concluded that wall-deposits should be analyzed, then XRF analysis of the filter can only give a minimum estimate of the concentration. Techniques for the statistical analysis of field data were also developed as part of this program and have been reported elsewhere. The results, based on data from the three workplaces where lead was the major element present in the samples, are summarized here. A limit of detection and a limit of quantitation are provided. Analysis of some samples using a second analyzer with a different X-ray source technology indicated reasonable agreement for some metals (but this was not evaluated for lead). Provided it is only necessary to analyze the filters, most personal samplers will provide acceptable results when used with portable XRF analysis for lead around applicable limit values.
机译：本文总结了一项为期五年的研究计划，该研究计划涉及使用便携式X射线荧光（XRF）分析仪来分析来自不同工业环境（包括采矿，制造和回收）的空气采样过滤器中的铅。已经报道了其中四种环境的结果。此处介绍了另外两种金属工艺的结果。在这两个地点中，铅都是空气中总金属中的次要成分，其他元素的干扰也很小。但是，在方法精度的整体计算中，仅使用了铅含量最高的三个位置的结果。 XRF分析仪用于询问过滤器，然后对其进行酸消解和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）分析。过滤器样品是使用不同的过滤器支架或“采样器”收集的，每个采样器的气溶胶沉积物的大小（直径），深度和均一性均不同，尤其是对于较大的颗粒，采样器的气溶胶收集效率预计会有所不同。一旦进入采样器，颗粒的分布也将有所不同，采样器被配对以解决采样器之间的差异，在某些情况下，评估了采样器内部壁沉积物并与过滤器捕获物进行了比较。令人惊讶的是，发现所有采样器的过滤器沉积物（通过ICP-OES）分析都得到了相同的结果，还发现某些采样器壁上的沉积物在某些方案中被视为分离器的一部分。样品，与过滤器沉积物相比可能是重要的。如果得出结论，应分析壁沉积物，则过滤器的XRF分析只能给出最小的浓度估算。作为该计划的一部分，还开发了对现场数据进行统计分析的技术，并在其他地方进行了报道。根据来自三个工作场所的数据（其中铅是样品中的主要元素）得出的结果总结如下。提供了检测限和定量限。使用具有不同X射线源技术的第二台分析仪对某些样品进行分析，表明某些金属具有合理的一致性（但未评估铅含量）。如果仅需要分析过滤器，大多数个人采样器在与便携式XRF分析一起用于适用极限值附近的铅时将提供可接受的结果。

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