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Deterministic methods for numerical simulation of high-energy runaway electron avalanches

机译：高能失控电子雪崩数值模拟的确定性方法

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The possibilities of two deterministic methods for describing the kinetics of high-energy runaway electrons (REs) are analyzed as alternatives to stochastic methods requiring unrealistically large computing resources in problems of numerical simulation of electric discharges in dense gases involving REs. One of the methods being developed in recent years is based on multigroup equations for the moments of the electron distribution function, while the second method, which is conventionally used to solve problems in gas discharges, is based on the diffusion-drift equation. The modern method of multigroup equations allows one to calculate the RE energy distribution and the spatial RE distribution along the electric force, which are close to these distributions obtained by the Monte Carlo method if the number N of energy groups is chosen properly. The diffusion-drift equation does not give the energy distribution, but its advantage is the possibility of obtaining spatial RE distributions using small computing resources not only along but also perpendicular to the electric force, which are close to those calculated by the Monte Carlo method. To simulate discharges by the method of multigroup equations, it is necessary to know a priori the number N of groups providing good accuracy, the characteristic RE multiplication time t _e, and the energy runaway threshold ε_(th) as functions of the electric-field overvoltage. The diffusion-drift equation requires the specification, along with t _e, of the directed RE velocity and longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients calculated by the Monte Carlo method.
机译：分析了两种用于描述高能失控电子（REs）动力学的确定性方法的可能性，以作为需要不切实际的大型计算资源的随机方法的替代方法，以解决涉及REs的高密度气体放电数值模拟的问题。近年来开发的一种方法是基于电子分布函数矩的多组方程，而第二种通常用于解决气体放电问题的方法是基于扩散漂移方程。现代的多组方程方法允许人们计算沿能量的RE能量分布和空间RE分布，如果正确选择了N个能量组，则它们接近于通过蒙特卡洛方法获得的这些分布。扩散漂移方程式没有给出能量分布，但是它的优点是可以使用较小的计算资源获得空间RE分布，不仅沿着而且垂直于电场力，这与通过蒙特卡洛方法计算的结果接近。为了通过多组方程的方法模拟放电，必须先验地知道提供良好准确性的组数N，特征RE乘积时间t _e和能量失控阈值ε_（th）作为电场的函数过电压。扩散漂移方程需要与t _e一起，指定有向RE速度以及通过蒙特卡洛方法计算的纵向和横向扩散系数。

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