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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Botany >The plant energy sensor: evolutionary conservation and divergence of SnRK1 structure, regulation, and function
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The plant energy sensor: evolutionary conservation and divergence of SnRK1 structure, regulation, and function

机译：植物能量传感器：SnRK1结构，调控和功能的进化保守性和发散性

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The SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase 1) kinases are the plant cellular fuel gauges, activated in response to energy-depleting stress conditions to maintain energy homeostasis while also gatekeeping important developmental transitions for optimal growth and survival. Similar to their opisthokont counterparts (animal AMP-activated kinase, AMPK, and yeast Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1, SNF), they function as heterotrimeric complexes with a catalytic (kinase) a subunit and regulatory beta and gamma subunits. Although the overall configuration of the kinase complexes is well conserved, plant-specific structural modifications (including a unique hybrid beta gamma subunit) and associated differences in regulation reflect evolutionary divergence in response to fundamentally different lifestyles. While AMP is the key metabolic signal activating AMPK in animals, the plant kinases appear to be allosterically inhibited by sugar-phosphates. Their function is further fine-tuned by differential subunit expression, localization, and diverse post-translational modifications. The SnRK1 kinases act by direct phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins, extensive transcriptional regulation (e.g. through bZIP transcription factors), and down-regulation of TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase signaling. Significant progress has been made in recent years. New tools and more directed approaches will help answer important fundamental questions regarding their structure, regulation, and function, as well as explore their potential as targets for selection and modification for improved plant performance in a changing environment.
机译：SnRK1（与SNF1相关的激酶1）激酶是植物细胞的电量监测计，可响应能量消耗的压力条件而维持能量稳态，同时还能保持重要的发育过渡，以实现最佳的生长和生存。与它们的opisthokont对应物（动物AMP激活的激酶，AMPK和酵母蔗糖非发酵1，SNF）相似，它们起杂三聚体的作用，具有催化（激酶）亚基和调节性β和γ亚基。尽管激酶复合物的总体构型是非常保守的，但是植物特异性的结构修饰（包括独特的杂合βγ亚基）和相关的调节差异反映了对根本不同生活方式的进化差异。尽管AMP是激活动物中AMPK的关键代谢信号，但植物激酶似乎被糖-磷酸变构抑制。它们的功能可通过差异性亚基表达，定位和多种翻译后修饰来进一步微调。 SnRK1激酶通过关键代谢酶和调节蛋白的直接磷酸化，广泛的转录调节（例如通过bZIP转录因子）和TOR（雷帕霉素的靶标）激酶信号的下调来发挥作用。近年来已取得重大进展。新工具和更具针对性的方法将帮助回答有关其结构，法规和功能的重要基本问题，并探索其作为选择和改良目标的潜力，以在不断变化的环境中改善植物的性能。

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