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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Experimental Psychology. General >Learning From Social Rewards Predicts Individual Differences in Self-Reported-Social Ability
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Learning From Social Rewards Predicts Individual Differences in Self-Reported-Social Ability

机译：从社会奖励中学习可以预测自我报告的社会能力中的个体差异

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The ability to adapt face-to-face social behavior in response to an interaction's changing contingencies is an important aspect of social skill. Individual differences in social ability may depend on how well people learn from social rewards and punishments. Here we relate people's social aptitude to their ability to learn from differences in the reward values of two common social reinforcers, genuine and polite smiles. In a series of experiments, participants experienced a hidden social contingency in which they either learned to repeat actions that received genuine smile feedback and switch after polite smiles or the reverse. A condition with nonsocial feedback served as a comparison measure. Participants showed better ability to repeat actions reinforced with genuine smile feedback than with nonsocial feedback. When participants were required to switch actions following genuine smiles, performance was inhibited relative to nonsocial reinforcement. The ability to detect task contingencies and learn from social rewards predicted self-reported social ability. These novel results suggest that individual differences in reinforcement learning, and particularly in people's motivation to receive social rewards, may relate to social ability in face-to-face interactions. This finding has important implications for understanding the social difficulties that characterize disorders such as autism, depression, and schizophrenia, in which the ability to learn from rewards may be compromised.
机译：应对交互的突发事件以适应面对面的社交行为的能力是社交技能的重要方面。社交能力的个体差异可能取决于人们从社交奖励和惩罚中学到的知识。在这里，我们将人们的社交能力与他们从两种常见的社会支持者（真诚的微笑和礼貌的微笑）的奖励价值差异中学习的能力联系起来。在一系列实验中，参与者经历了一种隐藏的社会偶然性，在其中他们学会了重复收到真正的微笑反馈的动作并在礼貌的微笑或相反之后切换。具有非社会反馈的情况用作比较措施。与真实的微笑反馈相比，参与者表现出比非社会反馈更好的重复动作的能力。当要求参与者在真正的微笑之后改变动作时，相对于非社交强化而言，表演受到了抑制。检测任务紧急情况并从社交奖励中学习的能力可预测自我报告的社交能力。这些新颖的结果表明，强化学习中的个体差异，尤其是人们获得社交奖励的动机方面的差异，可能与面对面互动中的社交能力有关。这一发现对于理解自闭症，抑郁症和精神分裂症等疾病的社会困难具有重要意义，在这些疾病中，从奖励中学习的能力可能会受到损害。

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