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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Fish Biology >Morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum and the influence of dietary taurine supplementation
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Morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum and the influence of dietary taurine supplementation

机译：幼虫军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum的形态发育和补充牛磺酸饮食的影响

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The morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum from 3 days post hatch (dph) until weaning (27 dph) was examined using S. E. M. Two groups of fish were studied: a control group (CF), reared under standard feeding protocol, and a group in which prey items were enriched with supplemental taurine (4 g l(-1) day(-1); TF). TF fish grew faster (P < 0.001), attained greater size (mean +/- S.E. 55.1 +/- 1.5 v. 33.9 +/- 1.0 mm total length) and had better survival (mean +/- S.E. 29.3 +/- 0.4 v. 7.1 +/- 1.2 %) than CF fish. Canonical variance analysis confirmed findings with respect to differences in growth between the treatment groups with separation being explained by two cranial measurements. S.E.M. revealed that 3 dph larvae of R. canadum (in both groups) possess preopercular spines, superficial neuromasts on the head and body, taste buds in the mouth, an olfactory epithelium which takes the form of simple concave depressions, and primordial gill arches. Gill filaments start to form as early as 6 dph and lamellae buds are visible at 8 dph in both groups. In CF fish, the cephalic lateral line system continues its development at 12-14 dph with invagination of both supra- and infraorbital canals. At the same time, a thorn-like or acanthoid crest forms above the eye. At 14 dph, invaginations of the mandibular and preopercular canals are visible and around 22 dph enclosure of all cranial canals nears completion. In CF larvae, however, completely enclosed cranial canals were not observed within the course of the trial, i.e. 27 dph. In TF larvae, grooves of the cephalic lateral line system form 4 days earlier than observed in CF larvae of R. canadum (i.e. at 8 dph), with enclosure commencing at 16 dph, and completed by 27 dph. Along the flanks of 6 dph larvae of either treatment, four to five equally spaced neuromasts delineate the future position of the trunk lateral line. As myomeres are added to the growing larvae, new neuromasts appear such that at 16 dph a neuromast is associated with each myomere. By 27 dph, the trunk lateral line starts to invaginate in CF larvae, while it initiates closure in TF larvae. These findings elucidate important features of the larval development of R. canadum and show that dietary taurine supplementation benefits larval development, growth and survival in this species. Moreover, they suggest a conditional requirement for taurine in larval R. canadum
机译：使用SEM检查了从孵化后3天（dph）到断奶（27 dph）的幼仔军犬Rachycentron canadum的形态发育。研究了两组鱼类：对照组（CF），按照标准喂养方案饲养，一组在哪些猎物富含牛磺酸（4 gl（-1）day（-1）; TF）。 TF鱼生长更快（P <0.001），体型更大（平均+/- SE 55.1 +/- 1.5 v。33.9 +/- 1.0 mm总长度）并具有更好的存活率（平均+/- SE 29.3 +/- 0.4 v。7.1 +/- 1.2％）。典型的方差分析证实了有关治疗组之间生长差异的发现，其中分离通过两次颅骨测量来解释。 S.E.M.揭示加拿大念珠菌的3 dph幼虫（在两组中）都具有术前棘，头部和身体上的浅层神经瘤，口腔中的味蕾，呈简单凹入凹陷形式的嗅觉上皮和原始g弓。两组中的start丝早在6 dph时就开始形成，并且在8 dph时可见片状芽。在CF鱼中，随着上眶管和眶下管的内陷，头侧向线系统继续以12-14 dph的速度发展。同时，在眼部上方形成刺状或棘突状波峰。在14 dph处，可以看到下颌和前手术前管的内陷，并且所有颅管的22 dph处的封闭处都接近完成。然而，在CF幼虫中，在试验过程中未观察到完全封闭的颅管，即27 dph。在TF幼虫中，比加拿大念珠菌CF幼虫（即8 dph）在CF幼虫中观察到的早了4天形成了头外侧线系统的凹槽，外壳开始于16 dph，并在27 dph时完成。沿任一种处理的6 dph幼虫的侧翼，四到五个等距的神经节描绘了躯干侧线的未来位置。当将Myomeres添加到正在生长的幼虫中时，出现了新的神经质，使得在16 dph时，神经肥大与每个Myomere相关。到27 dph时，躯干侧线开始在CF幼虫中内陷，而在TF幼虫中开始闭合。这些发现阐明了加拿大念珠菌幼虫发育的重要特征，并表明补充牛磺酸饮食有益于该物种的幼虫发育，生长和存活。此外，他们建议在幼体加拿大念珠菌中对牛磺酸有条件的要求

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