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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of genetics >Adaptation to larval crowding in Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila nasuta nasuta: increased larval competitive ability without increased larval feeding rate
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Adaptation to larval crowding in Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila nasuta nasuta: increased larval competitive ability without increased larval feeding rate

机译：适应果蝇的果蝇和果蝇的幼虫拥挤：增加幼虫的竞争能力而不增加幼虫的摄食率

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摘要

The standard view of adaptation to larval crowding in fruitflies, built on results from 25 years of multiple experimental evolution studies on Drosophila melanogaster, was that enhanced competitive ability evolves primarily through increased larval feeding and foraging rate, and increased larval tolerance to nitrogenous wastes, at the cost of efficiency of food conversion to biomass. These results were at odds from the predictions of classical K-selection theory, notably the expectation that selection at high density should result in the increase of efficiency of conversion of food to biomass, and were better interpreted through the lens of alpha-selection. We show here that populations of D. ananassae and D. n. nasuta subjected to extreme larval crowding evolve greater competitive ability and pre-adult survivorship at high density, primarily through a combination of reduced larval duration, faster attainment of minimum critical size for pupation, greater time efficiency of food conversion to biomass and increased pupation height, with a relatively small role of increased urea/ammonia tolerance, if at all. This is a very different suite of traits than that seen to evolve under similar selection in D. melanogaster, and seems to be closer to the expectations from the canonical theory of K-selection. We also discuss possible reasons for these differences in results across the three species. Overall, the results reinforce the view that our understanding of the evolution of competitive ability in fruitflies needs to be more nuanced than before, with an appreciation that there may be multiple evolutionary routes through which higher competitive ability can be attained.
机译：对果蝇幼虫拥挤的适应的标准观点是建立在对果蝇果蝇进行25年多次实验进化研究的结果基础上的，即竞争能力的提高主要是通过增加幼虫的摄食率和觅食率，以及提高幼虫对含氮废物的耐受性来实现的。食品转化为生物质的效率成本。这些结果与经典的K选择理论的预测相矛盾，尤其是人们期望以高密度进行选择会导致食物转化为生物质的效率提高，并且可以通过alpha选择的角度更好地解释这一结果。我们在这里显示D. ananassae和D. n。的种群。遭受极端幼虫拥挤的纳沙塔主要通过减少幼体持续时间，更快达到化ation最小临界尺寸，提高食物转化为生物质的时间效率和增加化p高度的组合来发展更高的竞争能力和高成年前的成活率，如果有的话，对尿素/氨的耐受性增加的作用相对较小。这与黑腹果蝇在相似选择下进化出的特征完全不同，似乎更接近于经典的K选择理论的期望。我们还讨论了三种物种结果差异的可能原因。总体而言，结果强化了这样一种观点，即我们对果蝇竞争能力进化的理解需要比以前更加细微，并意识到可能存在多种进化途径，可以通过这些途径获得更高的竞争能力。

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