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Infant Pacifiers: An Overview

机译：婴儿奶嘴：概述

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Infant pacifiers are artificial molded teats used to calm and soothe babies when they become cranky. They also aid in rapid induction of sleep and help soothe an infant during stressful or painful episodes. Pacifier design should conform to US guidelines for manufacturers of infant pacifiers. Modern pacifiers have 3 parts: the nipple or teat, which is the part that the baby sucks on; the guard or flange, which rests on the baby's lips and prevents the teat from being swallowed; and the ring, which is attached to the center of the guard and is designed to make it easy to transfer the pacifier nipple in and out of the baby's mouth.Pacifiers may be associated with a reduction in the number of months of breast-feeding and act to possibly prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and when pacifiers are sucked on continuously during the day and at bedtime, they may be associated with a modest increase in episodes of acute otitis media (AOM).Although used widely, pacifiers are not without controversy. The controversies include the role of pacifiers in prevention of SIDS, the role of infant pacifiers as a risk factor for otitis media, and the role of pacifiers in impeding long-term breast-feeding. A recent overview of these controversies was published in a pediatric dental journal. Some problems are associated with use of infant pacifiers. The purpose of this article is to summarize the guidelines on pacifier use, design, and construction and to highlight facts and opinions relating to infant pacifier use.
机译：婴儿安抚奶嘴是人造模制的奶嘴，用于在婴儿摇摇欲坠时抚平和抚慰婴儿。它们还有助于快速诱导睡眠，并在压力或疼痛发作期间帮助抚慰婴儿。奶嘴的设计应符合美国婴儿奶嘴制造商的准则。现代的奶嘴有3个部分：乳头或乳头，这是婴儿吮吸的部分;护罩或凸缘，贴在婴儿的嘴唇上，可防止其被乳头吞咽;奶嘴环可以固定在护罩的中央，可以很容易地将奶嘴从婴儿的嘴中移入和移出。奶嘴的使用可能会减少母乳喂养和哺乳的月数。奶牛可能会预防婴儿猝死综合症（SIDS），并且在白天和就寝时间连续吸吮安抚奶嘴时，它们可能与急性中耳炎（AOM）发作的适度增加有关。并非没有争议。争议包括奶嘴在预防小岛屿发展中国家中的作用，婴儿奶嘴作为中耳炎的危险因素的作用以及奶嘴在阻碍长期母乳喂养方面的作用。这些争议的最新概述已发表在儿科牙科杂志上。一些问题与婴儿奶嘴的使用有关。本文的目的是总结有关奶嘴使用，设计和构造的准则，并强调与婴儿奶嘴使用有关的事实和观点。

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