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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR >Salt precipitation in sea ice and its effect on albedo, with application to Snowball Earth
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Salt precipitation in sea ice and its effect on albedo, with application to Snowball Earth

机译：海冰中的盐沉淀及其对反照率的影响及其在雪球地球中的应用

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摘要

During the initial freezing of the tropical ocean on Snowball Earth, the first ice to form would be sea ice, which contains salt within inclusions of liquid brine. At temperatures below -23°C, significant amounts of the salt begin to crystallize, with the most abundant salt being hydrohalite (NaCl·2H_2O). These crystals scatter light, increasing the ice albedo. In this paper, we present field measurements of the albedo of cold sea ice and laboratory measurements of hydrohalite precipitation. Precipitation of salt within brine inclusions was observed on windswept bare ice of McMurdo Sound at the coast of Antarctica (78°S) in early austral spring. Salinity and temperature were measured in ice cores. Spectral albedo was measured on several occasions during September and October. The albedo showed a gradual increase with decreasing temperature, consistent with salt precipitation. Laboratory examination of thin sections from the ice cores showed that the precipitation process exhibits hysteresis, with hydrohalite precipitating over a range of temperatures between -28°C and -35°C but dissolving at about -23°C. The causes of the hysteresis were investigated in experiments on laboratory-grown sea ice with different solute mixtures. All mixtures showed hysteresis, suggesting that it may be an inherent property of hydrohalite precipitation within brine inclusions rather than being due to biological macromolecules or interactions between various salts in seawater.
机译：在Snowball Earth上最初的热带海洋冻结期间，首先形成的冰将是海冰，其中的盐包含在液态盐水中。在低于-23°C的温度下，大量盐开始结晶，其中最丰富的盐是水卤石（NaCl·2H_2O）。这些晶体散射光，增加了冰的反射率。在本文中，我们介绍了冷海冰反照率的现场测量和水卤石降水的实验室测量。在南极早春的南极洲海岸（78°S），McMurdo Sound风吹裸露的冰上观察到盐水夹杂物中盐的沉淀。在冰芯中测量盐度和温度。在9月和10月期间几次测量了光谱反照率。反照率随温度降低而逐渐增加，这与盐沉淀一致。实验室对冰芯薄片的检查表明，沉淀过程显示出滞后现象，水卤石在-28°C至-35°C的温度范围内沉淀，但在约-23°C时会溶解。在带有不同溶质混合物的实验室生长的海冰上的实验中研究了磁滞的原因。所有混合物都显示出滞后现象，表明这可能是卤水包裹体中卤水卤石沉淀的固有特性，而不是由于生物大分子或海水中各种盐之间的相互作用而引起的。

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