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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >TEN YEARS OF OZONESONDE MEASUREMENTS AT THE SOUTH POLE - IMPLICATIONS FOR RECOVERY OF SPRINGTIME ANTARCTIC OZONE
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TEN YEARS OF OZONESONDE MEASUREMENTS AT THE SOUTH POLE - IMPLICATIONS FOR RECOVERY OF SPRINGTIME ANTARCTIC OZONE

机译：南极十年的臭氧探空仪测量-对春季南极臭氧恢复的启示。

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Ten years of ozonesonde data at the south pole are used to investigate trends and search for indicators that can be used to detect Antarctic ozone recovery in the future. These data indicate that there have been no systematic winter temperature trends at altitudes of 7-25 km and thus no expected changes in stratospheric cloud particle surface area, which would affect heterogeneous chemistry. Springtime ozone depletion has been very severe since about 1992, with near-total loss of ozone in the 14- to 18-km region, but has lessened somewhat in 1994 and 1995, probably because of the decay of the sulfate aerosol from the Mount Pinatubo eruption which was present at 10-16 km. Sulfate aerosol particles from the Pinatubo eruption resulted in new ozone depletion in 1992 and 1993 in the 10- to 12-km region where it is too warm for polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. The volcanic aerosol also augmented depletion related to PSCs at 12-16 km. Although ozone depletion was not as severe in 1995 as in 1993, the depleted region remained intact longer than ever, with record low values throughout December in 1995. Since about 1992, a pseudo-equilibrium seems to have been reached in which springtime ozone depletion, as measured by the total column or the ozone in the 12- to 20-km main stratospheric cloud region, has remained relatively constant. Independent of volcanic aerosol, ozone depletion has extended into the upper altitudes at 22-24 km since about 1992. There is some indication that ozone depletion has also worsened at the bottom of the depletion region at 12-14 km. Extensions of the ozone hole in the vertical dimension are believed to be the result of increases in man-made halogens and not due to changes in particle surface area or dynamics. A quasi-biennial component in the ozone destruction rate in September, especially above 18 km, is believed to be related to variations in the transport of halogen-bearing molecules to the polar region. A number of indicators for recovery of the ozone hole have been identified. They include an end to springtime ozone depletion at 22-24 km, a 12- to 20-km mid-September column ozone loss rate of less than about 3 Dobson Units (DU) per day, and a 12- to 20-km ozone column value of more than about 70 DU on September 15. It is estimated that if the Montreal protocol and its amendments, banning and/or limiting substances that deplete the ozone layer, is adhered to, recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole may be conclusively detected from the aforementioned changes in the vertical profile of ozone as early as the year 2008. Future volcanic eruptions would affect ozone at 10-16 km, making detection more difficult, but indicators such as depletion in the 22- to 24-km region will be immune to these effects. [References: 32]
机译：南极十年的臭氧探空仪数据用于调查趋势并寻找可用于检测未来南极臭氧回收的指标。这些数据表明，在7-25 km的海拔高度上没有系统的冬季温度趋势，因此平流层云颗粒表面积没有预期的变化，而这将影响异构化学。自1992年左右以来，春季的臭氧消耗非常严重，在14至18公里的区域中，臭氧几乎完全消失，但1994和1995年的臭氧消耗有所减少，这可能是由于皮纳图博火山的硫酸盐气溶胶的衰减爆发在10-16公里处。皮纳图博火山喷发产生的硫酸盐气溶胶颗粒在1992年和1993年在10至12公里的区域内造成了新的臭氧消耗，那里的温度太高，以至于极地平流层云（PSC）无法形成。火山气溶胶还在12-16 km处增加了与PSC相关的消耗。尽管1995年臭氧消耗的情况没有1993年那么严重，但消耗完的区域比以往任何时候都更长寿，1995年12月的记录值一直处于历史低位。自1992年以来，似乎已经达到了伪平衡，春季的臭氧消耗达到了，以总柱数或12至20公里的主要平流层云区域中的臭氧来衡量，臭氧保持相对恒定。自1992年以来，与火山气溶胶无关，臭氧消耗已经扩展到22-24 km的高空。有迹象表明，在消耗区域底部12-14 km的臭氧消耗也恶化了。臭氧孔在垂直方向上的延伸被认为是人造卤素增加的结果，而不是由于颗粒表面积或动力学的变化。据认为，9月臭氧破坏率的准两年期成分，特别是在18 km以上，与含卤素分子向极地区域的运输变化有关。确定了许多恢复臭氧空洞的指标。其中包括春季臭氧消耗在22-24 km处结束，9月中旬12至20 km色谱柱臭氧损失率每天少于约3 Dobson Units（DU），以及12至20 km臭氧消耗量9月15日，色谱柱的色谱柱值超过70 DU。据估计，如果遵守《蒙特利尔议定书》及其修正案（禁止和/或限制消耗臭氧层的物质），则可以最终检测到南极臭氧空洞的恢复。根据上述早在2008年臭氧垂直分布的变化得出的结论。未来的火山喷发将影响10-16 km处的臭氧，使探测更加困难，但诸如22至24 km区域枯竭等指标将不受这些影响。 [参考：32]

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