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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ICE FORMATION IN UPPER TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS TO INSOLUBLE AEROSOL COMPONENTS
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THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ICE FORMATION IN UPPER TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS TO INSOLUBLE AEROSOL COMPONENTS

机译：对流层上部对不溶性气溶胶组分的成冰敏感性

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Ice may form by both homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing nucleation processes in clouds at temperatures below -35 degrees C. Most investigations have focused on the former process. This paper presents results from adiabatic parcel model calculations that include the effects of both freezing processes in unactivated solution droplets. Uncertainties in predicting the homogeneous freezing rates are discussed and used to select solution drop composition and freezing characteristics that bracket those expected in the upper troposphere. The heterogeneous freezing rates of insoluble atmospheric aerosols are parameterized based on published freezing rates of carbonaceous particles. Process model simulations show that the potential variability in ice formation in cirrus clouds is much greater if heterogeneous freezing nucleation is considered in addition to homogeneous freezing. The impact of insoluble aerosols on ice formation is inferred to increase with insoluble particle size and with the fraction of soluble aerosols containing insoluble components. The maximum impact of heterogeneous nucleation is indicated for vertical motions less than 0.2 m s(-1) and for insoluble components being associated with at least 10% of all soluble aerosols. The wide range of ice crystal concentrations observed in cirrus is most consistent with the occurrence of both heterogeneous and homogeneous ice formation processes. These conclusions are partially supported by existing observations of aerosols and cloud microphysical characteristics in upper tropospheric clouds but require new measurements for confirmation. [References: 44]
机译：在低于-35摄氏度的温度下，云中的均质和异质冻结成核过程都可能形成冰。大多数研究都集中在前一个过程上。本文介绍了绝热包裹模型计算的结果，其中包括未活化溶液液滴中两种冷冻过程的影响。讨论了预测均匀冷冻速率的不确定性，并将其用于选择溶液滴的组成和冷冻特性，以支持对流层上方的预期。基于碳质颗粒的已公布冻结速率，对不溶性大气气溶胶的异质冻结速率进行参数化。过程模型仿真表明，如果除了均质冻结之外还考虑非均质冻结成核，则卷云中冰层形成的潜在变异性会更大。推断不溶性气溶胶对冰的影响随不溶性颗粒大小和含不溶性组分的可溶性气溶胶的比例增加而增加。对于垂直运动小于0.2 m s（-1）以及与所有可溶性气溶胶的至少10％关联的不溶成分，指出了异相形核的最大影响。在卷云中观察到的广泛的冰晶浓度与非均质和均质冰形成过程的发生最一致。这些结论部分得到对流层上层云中气溶胶和云微物理特征的现有观测的支持，但需要新的测量结果进行确认。 [参考：44]

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