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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth: JGR >Structural effects of meteorite impact on basalt: Evidence from Lonar crater, India
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Structural effects of meteorite impact on basalt: Evidence from Lonar crater, India

机译：陨石撞击玄武岩的结构效应：来自印度月球陨石坑的证据

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Lonar crater is a simple, bowl-shaped, near-circular impact crater in the ～65 Myr old Deccan Volcanic Province in India. As Lonar crater is a rare terrestrial crater formed entirely in basalt, it provides an excellent opportunity to study the impact deformation in target basalt, which is common on the surfaces of other terrestrial planets and their satellites. The present study aims at documenting the impact deformational structures in the massive basalt well exposed on the upper crater wall, where the basalt shows upward turning of the flow sequence, resulting in a circular deformation pattern. Three fracture systems (radial, concentric, and conical fractures) are exposed on the inner crater wall. On the fracture planes, plumose structures are common. Uplift and tilting of the basalt sequence and formation of the fractures inside the crater are clearly related to the impact event and are different from the preimpact structures such as cooling-related columnar joints and fractures of possible tectonic origin, which are observed outside the crater. Slumping is common throughout the inner wall, and listric faulting displaces the flows in the northeastern inner wall. The impact structures of Lonar crater are broadly similar to those at other simple terrestrial craters in granites and clastic sedimentary rocks and even small-scale experimental craters formed in gabbro targets. As Lonar crater is similar to the strength-controlled laboratory craters, impact parameters could be modeled for this crater, provided maximum depth of fracture formation would be known.
机译：月球陨石坑是印度〜65迈尔老德干火山省的一个简单的碗形，近圆形撞击坑。由于月球陨石坑是一种罕见的完全在玄武岩中形成的陆地陨石坑，因此它为研究目标玄武岩的撞击变形提供了极好的机会，这是其他陆地行星及其卫星表面常见的。本研究的目的是记录暴露在上火山口壁上的块状玄武岩井中的冲击变形结构，其中玄武岩显示出流序的向上转动，从而形成圆形变形模式。内火山口壁上暴露出三个裂缝系统（径向，同心和圆锥形裂缝）。在断裂面上，羽状结构是常见的。玄武岩层序的隆升和倾斜以及火山口内部裂缝的形成与撞击事件明显相关，并且与撞击前的结构（例如与冷却有关的柱状节理和可能的构造起源的裂缝）不同，这些结构在火山口外部观察到。塌陷在整个内壁都很普遍，利斯特断层驱替了东北内壁的流动。月球陨石坑的撞击结构与花岗岩，碎屑沉积岩中的其他简单地面陨石坑甚至在辉长岩目标中形成的小规模实验陨石坑的撞击结构大致相似。由于Lonar陨石坑与强度控制的实验室陨石坑相似，如果已知裂缝形成的最大深度，可以为该陨石坑建模冲击参数。

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