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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers
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A fifty-year chronicle of tritium data for characterising the functioning of the Evian and Thonon (France) glacial aquifers

机译：izing数据的五十年纪事，用于表征依云和索农（法国）冰川含水层的功能

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Using lumped models and a transfer function model, this paper deals with the interpretation of exceptionally long (up to 50. years (y)) and precise tritium chronicles characterising the rainfall, recharge (efficient rainfall) and outflow from various types of glacial aquifers from the French Alps (Evian-Thonon area). The efficient rainfall tritium chronicle was computed from tritium measurements performed for 11. years (1969-1979) in a lysimeter. The evapotranspiration induces a mean 15% drop of the annual tritium signal. The three superficial glacial aquifers (two fluvio-glacial kame terraces and a lateral till) provide similar results: a best fit with an exponential flow model (EM) (playing the major role) combined in parallel with a piston flow model (PFM), and a rather short mean transit time (T 5-7 y). The deepest mineral aquifer (Evian) can only be fitted with the in a series combination of a highly dispersive model (DM; T 68. y; DP = 0.5) and a piston flow model (T 2.5. y) or, better, by the in a series combination of an EM (T 8. y) modelling the subsurface aquifer and a DM (T 60. y; DP = 0.75) and the same piston flow model (T 2.5. y) modelling the deep mineral aquifer, this latest combination of models providing the following parameters: T 70. y and median transit time 45.5. y. It is also to be noted that a very small part of the recharge; about 1.3%, avoids both the EM and the DM, and directly enters the PFM (at the Northern limit of the Gavot Plateau). These models are very sensitive regarding the T (±1. y, 0.25. y for the PFM), less so with DP. These results will prompt hydrologists to (re)work historical data to determine if important hydrologic information is available. The interest and limits of such a modelling, also for other constituents than tritium, along with the future for tritium as a tracer are discussed and it also provides new insights on the structure and functioning of alpine paleo glacial hydrosystems.
机译：本文使用集总模型和传递函数模型，对超长（长达50年）的解释和精确的chronic年代纪进行了解释，这些纪年纪是降雨，补给（有效降雨）和各种类型的冰川蓄水层出水的特征。法国阿尔卑斯山（依云-通农地区）。有效rainfall降雨历程是根据在溶渗仪中进行了11年（1969-1979年）的measurements测量得出的。蒸散引起年annual信号平均下降15％。三个表层冰川蓄水层（两个河流冰河kame阶地和一个侧向耕作）提供了相似的结果：与指数流模型（EM）（起主要作用）与活塞流模型（PFM）并行组合的最佳拟合，和相当短的平均渡越时间（T 5-7 y）。最深的矿物含水层（Evian）只能在高度分散模型（DM; T 68. y; DP = 0.5）和活塞流模型（T 2.5。y）的系列组合中进行装配，或者更好地通过EM（T 8. y）模拟地下含水层和DM（T 60. y; DP = 0.75）和相同的活塞流模型（T 2.5。y）模拟深层含水层的一系列组合，提供以下参数的模型的最新组合：T 70. y和中位渡越时间45.5。 y。还应注意，补给的一小部分;大约1.3％，既避免了EM，又避免了DM，而直接进入了PFM（在加沃特高原的北限）。这些模型对T非常敏感（PFM为±1。y，PFM为0.25。y），而DP则不然。这些结果将促使水文学家重新研究历史数据，以确定是否有重要的水文信息。讨论了这种建模的兴趣和局限性，以及than以外的其他成分，以及the作为示踪剂的未来，并为高山古冰川水文系统的结构和功能提供了新见识。

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