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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >Taming the torrents: The hydrological impacts of ancient terracing practices in Jordan
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Taming the torrents: The hydrological impacts of ancient terracing practices in Jordan

机译：驯服洪流：约旦古代梯田做法的水文影响

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摘要

Extensive terracing was an important component of the water and agricultural management regime of Nabatean Petra. The exact function(s) of these terraces, qualitatively and quantitatively, is herein investigated. Field studies and computer modeling for two sites within the drainage basin of Petra show that these terraces were highly effective at reducing surface runoff. Different design features seem to have been adapted in order to achieve different objectives at varying sites. For example, the Beidha site in the lower reaches of the catchment area falls within the higher relief Ordovician Disi Sandstone formation area. Here, the terrace system was designed to slow water flow and trap sediments. The terracing greatly reduced surface water flow through the entrapment of sandy loam sediments behind it. On the other hand, the Baqa'a site falls in the upper reaches of the drainage basin within the Upper Cretaceous Amman Silicified Limestone formation. The effect of the terrace system here on runoff is significant, but less than that seen at Beidha. This system was more suited for soil conservation and agriculture, as the soil here in its natural state already had a high infiltration rate. Neglect and abandonment of these terraces at both sites have led to increased runoff, as evidenced by the development of gullies and by periodic flooding downstream in the core of the ancient city. Based on the six modeled cases, terraces can minimize the surface flow by an average of 28%, with values as high as 90% when 2010 precipitation data were used. Conducting an intensive survey within the catchment area surrounding the ancient city of Petra, mapping the ancient terraces, and reviving their function may produce significant results in flood mitigation and control there. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：大量的梯田是Nabatean Petra的水和农业管理制度的重要组成部分。在此定性和定量地研究了这些梯田的确切功能。对佩特拉流域内两个地点的现场研究和计算机建模表明，这些阶地在减少地表径流方面非常有效。为了在不同的地点实现不同的目标，似乎已经对不同的设计特征进行了调整。例如，集水区下游的Beidha场落在高浮雕奥陶纪的迪斯砂岩形成区之内。在这里，露台系统旨在减缓水流并捕获沉积物。梯田极大地减少了通过其后的沙壤土沉积物的截留而引起的地表水流量。另一方面，Baqa'遗址位于上白垩统安曼硅化石灰岩地层内流域的上游。梯田系统在这里对径流的影响是显着的，但是比在贝达的影响要小。该系统更适合土壤保护和农业，因为这里的自然状态下的土壤已经具有很高的渗透率。这两个地点的梯田被忽视和遗弃导致径流增加，这由沟渠的发展和古城中心下游的周期性洪水证明。根据这六种模拟情况，阶地可以将地表流量最小化平均28％，当使用2010年降水数据时，阶地值可高达90％。在佩特拉古城周边的集水区进行深入调查，绘制古阶地并恢复其功能，可能会在缓解和控制那里产生重大成果。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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