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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrometeorology >A Parameterization of the Probability of Snow-Rain Transition
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A Parameterization of the Probability of Snow-Rain Transition

机译：雪雨转变概率的参数化

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When estimating precipitation using remotely sensed observations, it is important to correctly classify the phase of precipitation. A misclassification can result in order-of-magnitude errors in the estimated precipitation rate. Using global ground-based observations over multiple years, the influence of different geophysical parameters on precipitation phase is investigated, with the goal of obtaining an improved method for determining precipitation phase. The parameters studied are near-surface air temperature, atmospheric moisture, low-level vertical temperature lapse rate, surface skin temperature, surface pressure, and land cover type. To combine the effects of temperature and moisture, wet-bulb temperature, instead of air temperature, is used as a key parameter for separating solid and liquid precipitation. Results show that in addition to wet-bulb temperature, vertical temperature lapse rate affects the precipitation phase. For example, at a near-surface wet-bulb temperature of 0 degrees C, a lapse rate of 6 degrees C km(-1) results in an 86% conditional probability of solid precipitation, while a lapse rate of -2 degrees C km(-1) results in a 45% probability. For near-surface wet-bulb temperatures less than 0 degrees C, skin temperature affects precipitation phase, although the effect appears to be minor. Results also show that surface pressure appears to influence precipitation phase in some cases; however, this dependence is not clear on a global scale. Land cover type does not appear to affect precipitation phase. Based on these findings, a parameterization scheme has been developed that accepts available meteorological data as input and returns the conditional probability of solid precipitation.
机译：在使用遥感观测值估算降水量时，正确分类降水量的相位非常重要。分类错误会导致估计的降水率出现数量级错误。利用多年的全球地面观测资料，研究了不同的地球物理参数对降水相的影响，目的是获得一种确定降水相的改进方法。研究的参数是近地表气温，大气湿度，低水平垂直温度通过率，表皮温度，表面压力和土地覆盖类型。为了结合温度和湿度的影响，将湿球温度而不是空气温度用作分离固体和液体沉淀的关键参数。结果表明，除湿球温度外，垂直温度下降速率还会影响降水阶段。例如，在近地表湿球温度为0摄氏度时，流逝速率为6摄氏度km（-1）导致有条件的固体降水概率为86％，而流逝速率为-2摄氏度（-1）得出45％的概率。对于近地表湿球温度低于0摄氏度，皮肤温度会影响降水阶段，尽管这种影响似乎很小。结果还表明，在某些情况下，表面压力似乎会影响沉淀相。但是，这种依赖性在全球范围内尚不清楚。土地覆盖类型似乎不影响降水阶段。基于这些发现，已开发出一种参数化方案，该方案接受可用的气象数据作为输入并返回固体降水的条件概率。

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