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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Can horton hear the whos? The importance of scale in mosquito-borne disease.
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Can horton hear the whos? The importance of scale in mosquito-borne disease.

机译：霍顿可以听到谁吗？规模在蚊媒疾病中的重要性。

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摘要

The epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens is determined by mechanisms and interactions at different scales of biological organization, from individual-level cellular processes to community interactions between species and with the environment. Most research, however, focuses on one scale or level with little integration between scales or levels within scales. Understanding the interactions between levels and how they influence our perception of vector-borne pathogens is critical. Here two examples of biological scales (pathogen transmission and mosquito mortality) are presented to illustrate some of the issues of scale and to explore how processes on different levels may interact to influence mosquito-borne pathogen transmission cycles. Individual variation in survival, vector competence, and other traits affect population abundance, transmission potential, and community structure. Community structure affects interactions between individuals such as competition and predation, and thus influences the individual-level dynamics and transmission potential. Modeling is a valuable tool to assess interactions between scales and how processes at different levels can affect transmission dynamics. We expand an existing model to illustrate the types of studies needed, showing that individual-level variation in viral dose acquired or needed for infection can influence the number of infectious vectors. It is critical that interactions within and among biological scales and levels of biological organization are understood for greater understanding of pathogen transmission with the ultimate goal of improving control of vector-borne pathogens.
机译：媒介传播病原体的流行病学是由生物学组织不同规模的机制和相互作用决定的，从个体水平的细胞过程到物种之间以及与环境之间的社区相互作用。但是，大多数研究只关注一个尺度或级别，而尺度或级别之间的整合很少。了解水平之间的相互作用以及它们如何影响我们对媒介传播病原体的感知至关重要。在这里，我们将举两个生物学尺度的例子（病原体传播和蚊虫死亡率）来说明一些规模问题，并探讨不同水平的过程如何相互作用以影响蚊子传播的病原体传播周期。生存率，媒介能力和其他特征的个体差异会影响种群数量，传播潜力和社区结构。社区结构影响个体之间的相互作用，例如竞争和掠夺，因此影响个体水平的动态和传播潜力。建模是评估规模之间的相互作用以及不同级别的流程如何影响传输动力学的宝贵工具。我们扩展了现有模型来说明所需的研究类型，表明获得或需要感染的病毒剂量的个体水平变化会影响感染载体的数量。为了更好地了解病原体的传播，以改善对媒介传播的病原体的控制为最终目标，必须理解生物学规模和生物学组织水平之间和之间的相互作用。

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