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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Factors That Influence the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida
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Factors That Influence the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida

机译：影响西尼罗河病毒在佛罗里达州传播的因素

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摘要

West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida. The primary vector of mosquito-borne encephalitis virus in Florida is Culex nigripalpus Theobald. Rainfall, drought, and temperature are the primary factors that regulate annual populations of this species. Cx. nigripalpus is a competent vector of WNV, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and eastern equine encephalitis virus in Florida, and populations of this species can support focal amplification and transmission of these arboviruses. We propose that a combination of environmental factors influencing Cx. nigripalpus oviposition, blood-feeding behavior, and vector competence have limited WNV transmission in Florida to relatively small focal outbreaks and kept the state free of a major epidemic. Florida must remain vigilant to the danger from WNV, because a change in these environmental factors could easily result in a substantial WNV epidemic rivaling those seen elsewhere in the United States.
机译：西尼罗河病毒（WNV）于1999年夏末在北美洲的纽约市首次发现，而2001年在佛罗里达州首次被发现。尽管西尼罗河病毒已造成人类广泛和广泛的流行病以及家畜和动物的流行病在整个北美的野生动植物中，可比的流行病从未在佛罗里达州出现过。在这里，我们回顾了WNV尚未在佛罗里达引起大规模爆发的一些原因。在佛罗里达州，蚊媒脑炎病毒的主要载体是黑头库蚊（Culex nigripalpus Theobald）。降雨，干旱和温度是调节该物种年度种群的主要因素。 Cx。 nigripalpus是佛罗里达州WNV，圣路易斯脑炎病毒和东部马脑炎病毒的有效载体，该物种的种群可以支持这些虫媒病毒的局部扩增和传播。我们建议将影响Cx的环境因素结合在一起。黑人的产卵，采血行为和媒介能力将佛罗里达的西尼罗病毒传播限制在相对较小的疫情爆发，并使该州没有大流行病。佛罗里达州必须对WNV的危险保持警惕，因为这些环境因素的改变很容易导致WNV的大规模流行与美国其他地方的流行相抗衡。

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