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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Diversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Backyard Chicken Flocks in California
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Diversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Backyard Chicken Flocks in California

机译：加利福尼亚后院鸡群上寄生虫的多样性和流行

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摘要

Peridomestic ("backyard") chicken flocks are gaining popularity in the developed world (e.g., North America or Europe), yet little is known regarding prevalence or severity of their ectoparasites. Therefore, five birds on each of 20 properties throughout southern California were surveyed in summer for on-host (permanent) and off-host dwelling (temporary) ectoparasites. Only four premises (20%) were entirely free of ectoparasites. In declining order of prevalence (% of premises), permanent ectoparasites included six chicken louse species: Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch) (50%), Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer) (35%), Lipeurus caponis (L.) (20%), Menopon gallinae (L.) (15%), Menacanthus cornutus (Schommer) (5%), and Cuclotogaster heterographus (Nitzsch) (5%). Only one flea species, Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) (20%), was found. Three parasitic mite species were observed: Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago) (15%), Knemidocoptes mutans (Robin & Lanquetin) (10%), and Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (5%). Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but M. stramineus, G. gallinae, M. cornutus, and E. gallinacea were abundant (dozens to hundreds of individuals) on some birds, and damage by K. mutans was severe on two premises. Off-host dwelling ectoparasites were rare (D. gallinae) or absent (Cimex lectularius L., Argasidae). Parasite diversity in peridomestic flocks greatly exceeds that is routinely observed on commercial chicken flocks and highlights a need for increased biosecurity and development of ectoparasite control options for homeowners.
机译：圈养（“后院”）鸡群在发达国家（例如，北美或欧洲）越来越受欢迎，但对其体外寄生虫的流行或严重程度知之甚少。因此，夏季对整个加利福尼亚南部20个场所的每只中的5只鸟类进行了调查，以确定其寄主（永久）和寄居外（临时）的体外寄生虫。只有四个场所（20％）完全不含外寄生物。按照患病率的下降顺序（占房舍的百分比），永久性外寄生虫包括六种鸡虱：褐飞虱（Nitzsch）（50％），鸡生殖木（De Geer）（35％），Capeurus caponis（L.）（20％） ，鸡爪草（L.）（15％），角膜白蜡树（Schommer）（5％）和异花鳞茎菌（Nitzsch）（5％）。仅发现一种跳蚤物种，Echidnophaga gallinacea（韦斯特伍德）（20％）。观察到了三种寄生螨虫物种：虎眼万年青（Canestrini＆Fanzago）（15％），变形曲霉（Robin＆Lanquetin）（10％）和Dermanyssus gallinae（De Geer）（5％）。每只鸟的侵扰很多，只有几到十二只，但是对某些鸟来说，Stramineus，G。gallinae，M。cornutus和E. gallinacea数量很多（多达数百只），而变形链球菌的危害却很大。在两个前提严重。离宿主寄居外寄生物很少（D. gallinae）或不存在（Cimex lectularius L.，Argasidae）。腹围鸡群中的寄生虫多样性大大超过了商业鸡群的常规观察，并突出显示了对提高生物安全性和为房主开发外寄生虫控制选择的需求。

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