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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites >Chemistry of cultural glasses: the early medieval glasses of Monselice's hill (Padova, Italy)
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Chemistry of cultural glasses: the early medieval glasses of Monselice's hill (Padova, Italy)

机译：文化眼镜的化学：蒙塞利采山丘的早期中世纪眼镜（意大利帕多瓦）

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To investigate the mechanisms of deterioration of historical glasses, under natural evolution, some early medieval glasses from the archaeological site of the Monselice's hill have been analysed. By an archaeological approach, developed at the Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichita, University of Padova, the glasses were dated between the VI and the beginning of the VII century and they were ascribed to the same artist or school. By a geological approach, developed at the Dipartimento di Mineralogia e Petrologia, University of Padova, it was found that some pieces of glasses, from the same archaeological site, were made of silica, rich in sodium and calcium, with iron and manganese. The composition was analogous the one of glasses produced during Roman empire, using 'natron' (Na2CO3 . NaHCO3 (.) 2H(2)O) as melting agent and glasses produced during medieval age, in the Mediterranean basin, using plant ash like 'Salsola Kali' as melting agent. It was also found that there was a surface layer, with a special lamellar structure, easy to remove. The surface layer was found poor in alkali and alkaline-earth elements. By surface and microscopic analyses (optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, microRaman, XPS, SIMS and Mossbauer) it has been found that all the samples have a composition rich in silica, sodium and calcium except one that, unexpectedly, was rich in potassium and poorer in sodium. This sample, as composition, seems just like medieval glasses produced north of the Alps, using plant ash like ferns as melting agent. In all the samples the surface layers have less alkaline elements and the depletion goes to ten mum of depth. The extreme consequence of this depletion is the formation, in some samples, of an alteration layer, easy to remove, that the XPS analyses tell us it is made of very hydrated silica. The surface layers show a little accumulation of calcium. The calcium ion is also present in some birefringent crystal aggregates immersed in the glass that, in some samples, are around one mm large. These aggregates have a circular shape, with a nucleation centre in them. By microRaman spectroscopy it was found that the crystal aggregates are made of vateritic and calcitic calcium carbonate. By Mossbauer spectroscopy it was found that in the flat yellow coloured glasses, richer in iron, the Fe(III) species predominates. Instead in the pale green ones, poorer in iron, the Fe(II) prevails. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 29]
机译：为了研究历史眼镜的退化机理，在自然进化过程中，对一些早期的中世纪眼镜进行了分析，这些眼镜来自Monselice山丘的考古现场。通过考古学方法，这是帕多瓦大学科学部的研究部门开发的眼镜，其年代可追溯至六世纪至七世纪初，归因于同一位艺术家或学校。通过在帕多瓦大学矿物学分部开发的一种地质方法，发现同一考古现场的一些玻璃杯是用富含钠和钙的二氧化硅以及铁和锰制成的。该成分类似于罗马帝国时期生产的玻璃之一，使用“ natron”（Na2CO3。NaHCO3（。）2H（2）O）作为熔化剂，以及中世纪时期在地中海盆地生产的玻璃，使用的植物灰为“ Salsola Kali'作为熔融剂。还发现表面层具有特殊的层状结构，易于去除。发现表面层的碱金属和碱土金属元素较差。通过表面和微观分析（光学显微镜，SEM-EDS，microRaman，XPS，SIMS和Mossbauer），我们发现所有样品的成分均富含二氧化硅，钠和钙，但出乎意料的是，钾和钠较差。该样品作为成分，看起来就像是在阿尔卑斯山北部生产的中世纪玻璃一样，使用像蕨类植物一样的植物灰作为熔炼剂。在所有样品中，表层的碱性元素较少，消耗量达到十微米的深度。这种耗尽的极端后果是，在某些样品中形成了易于去除的蚀变层，XPS分析告诉我们它是由高度水合的二氧化硅制成的。表面层显示出少量的钙积累。钙离子也存在于浸入玻璃中的某些双折射晶体聚集体中，在某些样品中大约为1毫米大。这些聚集体为圆形，其中具有成核中心。通过显微拉曼光谱法，发现晶体聚集体由球状碳酸钙和碳酸钙制成。通过莫斯鲍尔光谱法，发现在扁平的黄色玻璃中，铁含量较高，其中Fe（III）占主导地位。 Fe（II）代替了铁含量较弱的淡绿色金属。 （C）2002 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。 [参考：29]

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