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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of neuroendocrinology >Anatomical remodelling of the supraoptic nucleus: changes in synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission.
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Anatomical remodelling of the supraoptic nucleus: changes in synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission.

机译：视上核的解剖重塑：突触和突触外传递的变化。

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Abstract The adult hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system undergoes activity-dependent morphological plasticity that modifies the astrocytic enwrapping of its magnocellular neurones. For a long time, the functional consequences of such changes have remained hypothetical. Modifications in the glial environment of neurones are expected to have important physiological repercussions in view of the various functions played by astrocytes in the central nervous system. In particular, glial cells are essential for uptake of neurotransmitters, including glutamate, and for physically and functionally restricting diffusion of neuroactive substances within the extracellular space. Recent studies performed in the supraoptic nucleus of lactating and chronically dehydrated animals, in conditions where astrocytic coverage of neurones is reduced, have revealed a significant impairment of glutamate clearance. The resulting accumulation of the excitatory amino acid in the extracellular space around glutamatergic inputs causes an enhanced activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors that inhibit transmitter release. In the supraoptic nucleus of lactating rats, neuroglial remodelling is accompanied by modification of the geometry, size and diffusion properties of the extracellular space. The latter observations suggest that, in the activated supraoptic nucleus, the range of action and the concentration of released neuroactive substances may be significantly enhanced. Overall, our observations indicate that the glial environment of supraoptic neurones influences synaptic glutamatergic transmission, as well as extrasynaptic forms of communication.
机译：摘要成人下丘脑-神经下垂系统经历活动依赖的形态可塑性，改变了其巨细胞神经元的星形细胞包裹。长期以来，这种变化的功能后果一直是假设的。考虑到星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中发挥的各种功能，神经元神经胶质环境中的修饰有望产生重要的生理影响。特别地，神经胶质细胞对于摄取包括谷氨酸在内的神经递质以及在物理和功能上限制神经活性物质在细胞外空间内的扩散是必不可少的。在哺乳期和慢性脱水动物的视上核中进行的最新研究表明，在神经元的星形细胞覆盖减少的情况下，谷氨酸清除率显着降低。谷氨酸能输入周围细胞外空间中兴奋性氨基酸的积累导致抑制突触释放的突触前代谢型谷氨酸受体的活化增强。在哺乳期大鼠的视上核中，神经胶质重塑伴随着细胞外空间的几何形状，大小和扩散特性的改变。后者的观察结果表明，在激活的视上核中，作用范围和释放的神经活性物质的浓度可能会显着提高。总体而言，我们的观察表明，视上神经元的神经胶质环境影响突触谷氨酸能传递以及突触外交流形式。

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