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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of neuroendocrinology >Magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric psychoneuroendocrinology: A new frontier for understanding the impact of hormones on emotion and cognition
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Magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric psychoneuroendocrinology: A new frontier for understanding the impact of hormones on emotion and cognition

机译：小儿心理神经内分泌学中的磁共振成像：了解激素对情绪和认知影响的新领域

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Mounting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research is characterising the neurobiological trajectories of healthy human brain development. In parallel, studies increasingly acknowledge the relevance of perturbations of these trajectories for adolescent and adult psychopathology. Although an influence of steroid hormones on mood and anxiety disorders has been demonstrated in adults, very little is known about how steroid hormones alter human brain development and contribute to adolescent psychopathology. This review focuses on recent evidence obtained from structural and functional MRI in children and adolescents with genetic endocrine disorders and with characteristic fluctuations in androgen or oestrogen levels (familial male precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome). It aims to highlight how neurobiological findings from these paediatric endocrine disorders can provide insight into the contribution of sex steroids with respect to the development of neurocircuitry involved in affective processing (amygdala, hippocampus) and cognitive control (prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, striatum). In addition, findings from these populations may also provide important information on aberrant psychological processes relevant for the clinical care and management of these populations. Finally, the findings are discussed within the context of current frameworks in animal models, such as the organisational-activational hypothesis or the aromatisation hypothesis. The review ends with a discussion of open questions for future enquiry with the goal of integrating translational models with current knowledge of endocrine disorders and developmental studies in healthy populations.
机译：越来越多的磁共振成像（MRI）研究正在表征健康人脑发育的神经生物学轨迹。同时，研究越来越认识到这些轨迹的扰动对青少年和成人心理病理学的重要性。尽管已证明类固醇激素对成年人的情绪和焦虑症有影响，但对类固醇激素如何改变人脑发育并促进青少年心理病理的了解甚少。这篇综述集中在遗传性内分泌失调，雄激素或雌激素水平（家族性性早熟，先天性肾上腺增生，Klinefelter综合征和Turner综合征）特征性儿童和青少年的结构性和功能性MRI研究中。它旨在突出这些儿科内分泌疾病的神经生物学发现如何提供洞​​察性类固醇在涉及情感加工（杏仁核，海马体）和认知控制（额叶皮层，额额下回，纹状体）的神经回路发育方面的作用。 。此外，这些人群的发现还可能提供与这些人群的临床护理和管理有关的异常心理过程的重要信息。最后，在动物模型的当前框架（例如组织激活假说或芳香化假说）的背景下讨论了发现。审查结束时讨论了一些未解决的问题，以供将来查询，目的是将转化模型与健康人群的当前内分泌失调知识和发育研究相结合。

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