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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Coupling of efferent neuromodulatory neurons to rhythmical leg motor activity in the locust.
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Coupling of efferent neuromodulatory neurons to rhythmical leg motor activity in the locust.

机译：刺槐中传出的神经调节神经元与节律性腿部运动活动的耦合。

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The spike activity of neuromodulatory dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons was analyzed during a pilocarpine-induced motor pattern in the locust. Paired intracellular recordings were made from these octopaminergic neurons during rhythmic activity in hindleg motor neurons evoked by applying pilocarpine to an isolated metathoracic ganglion. This motor pattern is characterized by two alternating phases: a levator phase, during which levator, flexor, and common inhibitor motor neurons spike, and a depressor phase, during which depressor and extensor motor neurons spike. Three different subpopulations of efferent DUM neurons could be distinguished during this rhythmical motor pattern according to their characteristic spike output. DUM 1 neurons, which in the intact animal do not innervate muscles involved in leg movements, showed no change apart from a general increase in spike frequency. DUM 3 and DUM 3,4 neurons produced the most variable activity but received frequent and sometimes pronounced hyperpolarizations that were often common to both recorded neurons. DUM 5 and DUM 3,4,5 neurons innervate muscles of the hindleg and showed rhythmical excitation leading to bursts of spikes during rhythmic activity of the motor neurons, which innervate these same muscles. Sometimes the motor output was coordinated across both sides of the ganglion so that there was alternating activity between levators of both sides. In these cases, the spikes of DUM 5 and DUM 3,4,5 neurons and the hyperpolarization of DUM 3 and DUM 3,4 neurons occurred at particular phases in the motor pattern. Our data demonstrate a central coupling of specific types of DUM neurons to a rhythmical motor pattern. Changes in the spike output of these particular efferent DUM neurons parallel changes in the motor output. The spike activity of DUM neurons thus may be controlled by the same circuits that determine the action of the motor neurons. Functional implications for real walking are discussed.
机译：在蝗虫的毛果芸香碱诱导的运动模式期间分析了神经调节背对不中位神经元（DUM）的刺突活性。在将毛果芸香碱应用于离体的胸廓神经节引起的后腿运动神经元的节律活动中，由这些章鱼胺能神经元进行成对的细胞内记录。这种运动模式的特征在于两个交替的阶段：一个上提阶段，在这个阶段上提肌，屈肌和共同的抑制器运动神经元尖峰;一个下压阶段，在这个阶段，下压肌和伸肌运动神经元尖峰。在此节律性运动模式中，可以根据传出的DUM神经元的三个不同亚群，根据它们的特征峰值输出来区分。 DUM 1神经元在完整的动物中不支配腿部运动所涉及的肌肉，除了峰值频率普遍增加外，没有任何变化。 DUM 3和DUM 3,4神经元产生的活动最多，但经常发生且有时明显的超极化现象，这对两个记录的神经元而言都是常见的。 DUM 5和DUM 3,4,5神经元神经支配后腿的肌肉，并表现出节律性兴奋，导致运动神经元有节奏的活动期间突然爆发尖峰，从而使这些神经支配。有时，马达输出跨神经节的两侧进行协调，以使两侧的提肌之间交替运动。在这些情况下，DUM 5和DUM 3,4,5神经元的尖峰以及DUM 3和DUM 3,4神经元的超极化发生在运动模式的特定阶段。我们的数据表明特定类型的DUM神经元与节律性运动模式的中心耦合。这些特定传出DUM神经元的峰值输出的变化与电机输出的变化平行。因此，DUM神经元的突波活性可以由确定运动神经元作用的相同电路控制。讨论了真正步行的功能含义。

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