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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Central pattern generator for escape swimming in the notaspid sea slug Pleurobranchaea californica.
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Central pattern generator for escape swimming in the notaspid sea slug Pleurobranchaea californica.

机译：中央模式发生器，用于在notaspid海参Pleurobranchaea californica中逃生游泳。

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摘要

Escape swimming in the notaspid opisthobranch Pleurobranchaea is an episode of alternating dorsal and ventral body flexions that overrides all other behaviors. We have explored the structure of the central pattern generator (CPG) in the cerebropleural ganglion as part of a study of neural network interactions underlying decision making in normal behavior. The CPG comprises at least eight bilaterally paired interneurons, each of which contributes and is phase-locked to the swim rhythm. Dorsal flexion is mediated by hemiganglion ensembles of four serotonin-immunoreactive neurons, the As1, As2, As3, and As4, and an electrically coupled pair, the A1 and A10 cells. When stimulated, A10 commands fictive swimming in the isolated CNS and actual swimming behavior in whole animals. As1-4 provide prolonged, neuromodulatory excitation enhancing dorsal flexion bursts and swim cycle number. Ventral flexion is mediated by the A3 cell and a ventral swim interneuron, IVS, the soma of which is yet unlocated. Initiation of a swim episode begins with persistent firing in A10, followed by recruitment of As1-4 and A1 into dorsal flexion. Recurrent excitation within the As1-4 ensemble and with A1/A10 may reinforce coactivity. Synchrony among swim interneuron partners and bilateral coordination is promoted by electrical coupling among the A1/A10 and As4 pairs, and among unilateral As2-4, and reciprocal chemical excitation between contralateral As1-4 groups. The switch from dorsal to ventral flexion coincides with delayed recruitment of A3, which is coupled electrically to A1, and with recurrent inhibition from A3/IVS to A1/A10. The alternating phase relation may be reinforced by reciprocal inhibition between As1-4 and IVS. Pleurobranchaea's swim resembles that of the nudibranch Tritonia; we find that the CPGs are similar in many details, suggesting that the behavior and network are primitive characters derived from a common pleurobranchid ancestor.
机译：在没有鼻翼的鱼叉状胸膜肺炎中逃避游泳是背侧和腹侧身体交替弯曲的情节，其覆盖了所有其他行为。我们已经研究了大脑胸膜神经节中的中央模式发生器（CPG）的结构，作为研究正常行为决策基础的神经网络相互作用的一部分。 CPG包括至少八个双边配对的中间神经元，每个中间神经元都对游泳节律有贡献并被相位锁定。背屈由四个血清素免疫反应性神经元As1，As2，As3和As4，以及一个电耦合对的A1和A10细胞的半神经节集合介导。受到刺激时，A10会在孤立的中枢神经系统中进行虚构游泳，并在整个动物中表现出实际的游泳行为。 As1-4提供了延长的神经调节兴奋，增强了背屈爆发和游泳周期数。腹屈是由A3细胞和腹游中间神经元IVS介导的，其躯体尚未定位。游泳发作的开始始于持续向A10射击，然后招募As1-4和A1进入背屈。在As1-4集合内以及与A1 / A10一起进行的反复激励可能会增强协作性。 A1 / A10和As4对之间以及单侧As2-4之间的电耦合以及对侧As1-4组之间的相互化学激发促进了游泳神经元伴侣之间的同步和双边协调。从背侧屈肌向腹侧屈肌的转变与A3的延迟募集（与A1电耦合）以及从A3 / IVS到A1 / A10的复发抑制相吻合。交替相关系可以通过在As1-4和IVS之间的相互抑制来加强。胸膜肺炎的游泳类似于裸udiTritonia的游泳。我们发现CPG在许多细节上都是相似的，这表明行为和网络是源自常见胸​​膜支气管祖先的原始字符。

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