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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Could different directions of infant stepping be controlled by the same locomotor central pattern generator?
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Could different directions of infant stepping be controlled by the same locomotor central pattern generator?

机译：相同的运动中央模式发生器可以控制婴儿踩踏的不同方向吗？

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This study examined the idea of whether the same central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion can control different directions of walking in humans. Fifty-two infants, aged 2-11 mo, were tested. Infants were supported to walk on a treadmill at a variety of speeds. If forward stepping was elicited, stepping in the other directions (primarily sideways and backward) was attempted. The orientation of the infant on the treadmill belt determined the direction of stepping. In some infants, we also attempted to obtain a smooth transition from one direction to another by gradually changing the orientation of the infant during a stepping sequence. Limb segment motion and surface electromyography from the muscles of the lower limb were recorded. Most infants who showed sustained forward walking also could walk in all other directions. Thirty-three of 34 infants tested could step sideways. The success of eliciting backward stepping was 69%. Most of the infants who did not meet our backward stepping criteria did, however, make stepping movements. The different directions of stepping had similar responses to changes in treadmill speed. The relationship between stance and swing phase durations and cycle duration were the same regardless of the direction of stepping across a range of speeds. Some differences were noted in the muscle activation patterns during different directions of walking. For example, the hamstrings were much more active during the swing phase of backward walking compared with forward walking. The quadriceps was more active in the trailing leg during sideways walking. In some infants, we were able to elicit stepping along a continuum of directions. We found no discrete differences in either the electromyographic patterns or the temporal parameters of stepping as the direction of stepping was gradually changed. The results support the idea that the same locomotor CPG controls different directions of stepping in human infants. The fact that most infants were able to step in all directions, the similarity in the response to speed changes, and the absence of any discrete changes as the direction of stepping was changed gradually are all consistent with this hypothesis.
机译：这项研究探讨了用于运动的同一个中央模式生成器（CPG）是否可以控制人类行走的不同方向的想法。测试了52名2-11个月的婴儿。婴儿被支持以各种速度在跑步机上行走。如果引起向前步进，则尝试在其他方向（主要是侧向和向后）步进。婴儿在跑步机皮带上的方位决定了踏步的方向。在某些婴儿中，我们还尝试通过在步进过程中逐渐改变婴儿的方向来实现从一个方向到另一个方向的平滑过渡。记录下肢肌肉的肢体运动和表面肌电图。大多数表现出持续向前行走的婴儿也可以朝所有其他方向行走。测试的34名婴儿中有33名可能会侧身行走。引起后退的成功率为69％。但是，大多数不符合我们后退踏步标准的婴儿都在做踏步运动。踏步的不同方向对跑步机速度的变化具有相似的响应。姿态与摆动阶段持续时间以及循环持续时间之间的关系相同，而与跨速度范围的步进方向无关。在步行的不同方向上，肌肉的激活方式有所不同。例如，与向前行走相比，在向后行走的摆动阶段，绳肌更加活跃。在侧向行走过程中，股四头肌在后腿处更加活跃。在某些婴儿中，我们能够引起沿连续方向前进。我们发现，随着踏步方向逐渐改变，肌电模式或踏步的时间参数都没有离散差异。结果支持这样的想法，即同一运动型CPG控制着人类婴儿的不同踏步方向。大多数婴儿能够在所有方向上行走的事实，对速度变化的响应具有相似性，并且随着步进方向的逐渐变化而没有任何离散的变化，这一事实均与这一假设相符。

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