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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene >Characterizing adoption of precautionary risk management guidance for nanomaterials, an emerging occupational hazard
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Characterizing adoption of precautionary risk management guidance for nanomaterials, an emerging occupational hazard

机译：表征采用纳米材料的预防性风险管理指南，这是一种新兴的职业危害

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摘要

Exposure to engineered nanomaterials (substances with at least one dimension of 1-100 nm) has been of increased interest, with the recent growth in production and use of nanomaterials worldwide. Various organizations have recommended methods to minimize exposure to engineered nanomaterials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate available data to examine the extent to which studied U.S. companies (which represent a small fraction of all companies using certain forms of engineered nanomaterials) follow the guidelines for reducing occupational exposures to engineered nanomaterials that have been issued by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and other organizations. Survey data, field reports, and field notes for all NIOSH nanomaterial exposure assessments conducted between 2006 and 2011 were collected and reviewed to: (1) determine the level of adoption of precautionary guidance on engineering controls and personal protective equipment (PPE), and (2) evaluate the reliability of companies self-reported use of engineering controls and PPE. Use of PPE was observed among 89% [95% confidence interval (CI): 76%-96%] of 46 visited companies, and use of containment-based engineering controls for at least some processes was observed among 83% (95% CI: 76%-96%). In on-site evaluations, more than 90% of the 16 engineered carbonaceous nanomaterial companies that responded to an industrywide survey were observed to be using engineering controls and PPE as reported or more stringently than reported. Since PPE use was slightly more prevalent than engineering controls, better communication may be necessary to reinforce the importance of the hierarchy of controls. These findings may also be useful in conducting exposure assessment and epidemiologic research among U.S. workers handling nanomaterials.
机译：随着近来全球纳米材料生产和使用的增长，对工程纳米材料（至少一种尺寸为1-100 nm的物质）的接触引起了越来越多的关注。各种组织都推荐了一些方法来最大程度地减少对工程纳米材料的接触。这项研究的目的是评估可用数据，以调查研究的美国公司（占使用某些形式的工程纳米材料的所有公司中的一小部分）遵守减少由职业病接触的指南的程度。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）和其他组织。收集并审查了2006年至2011年之间进行的所有NIOSH纳米材料暴露评估的调查数据，实地报告和实地记录，以（1）确定对工程控制和个人防护设备（PPE）的预防性指南的采用程度，以及（ 2）评估公司自我报告的使用工程控制和PPE的可靠性。在46家受访公司中，有89％[95％置信区间（CI）：76％-96％]中发现了PPE的使用，并且在83％（95％CI的情况下）至少针对某些过程使用了基于围堵的工程控制：76％-96％）。在现场评估中，被调查的16家工程碳质纳米材料公司中有90％以上响应了整个行业的调查，并据报道或更严格地使用了工程控制和PPE。由于PPE的使用比工程控制更为普遍，因此可能有必要进行更好的沟通以增强控制层次结构的重要性。这些发现对于在处理纳米材料的美国工人中进行暴露评估和流行病学研究也可能有用。

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