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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene >How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles?
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How does breathing frequency affect the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask against surrogates of viral particles?

机译：呼吸频率如何影响N95过滤式口罩呼吸器和防病毒颗粒替代物的手术口罩的性能？

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摘要

Breathing frequency (breaths/min) differs among individuals and levels of physical activity. Particles enter respirators through two principle penetration pathways: faceseal leakage and filter penetration. However, it is unknown how breathing frequency affects the overall performance of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and surgical masks (SMs) against viral particles, as well as other health-relevant submicrometer particles. A FFR and SM were tested on a breathing manikin at four mean inspiratory flows (MIFs) (15, 30, 55, and 85 L/min) and five breathing frequencies (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 breaths/min). Filter penetration (Pfilter) and total inward leakage (TIL) were determined for the tested respiratory protection devices against sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles in the size range of 20 to 500 nm. "Faceseal leakage-to-filter" (FLTF) penetration ratios were calculated. Both MIF and breathing frequency showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on Pfilter and TIL. Increasing breathing frequency increased TIL for the N95 FFR whereas no clear trends were observed for the SM. Increasing MIF increased Pfilter and decreased TIL resulting in decreasing FLTF ratio. Most of FLTF ratios were >1, suggesting that the faceseal leakage was the primary particle penetration pathway at various breathing frequencies. Breathing frequency is another factor (besides MIF) that can significantly affect the performance of N95 FFRs, with higher breathing frequencies increasing TIL. No consistent trend of increase or decrease of TIL with either MIF or breathing frequency was observed for the tested SM. To potentially extend these findings beyond the manikin/breathing system used, future studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism causing the breathing frequency effect on the performance of respiratory protection devices on human subjects.
机译：呼吸频率（呼吸/分钟）因个人和体育锻炼水平而异。颗粒物通过两种主要的渗透途径进入呼吸器：面膜泄漏和过滤器渗透。然而，未知呼吸频率如何影响N95过滤式面罩呼吸器（FFR）和手术口罩（SM）抵抗病毒颗粒以及其他与健康相关的亚微米颗粒的整体性能。在呼吸模型上以四个平均吸气流量（MIF）（15、30、55和85 L / min）和五个呼吸频率（10、15、20、25和30呼吸/ min）对FFR和SM进行了测试。对于经测试的呼吸防护装置，针对尺寸在20至500 nm范围内的氯化钠（NaCl）气溶胶颗粒，确定了滤清器渗透率（Pfilter）和总向内泄漏（TIL）。计算“面部密封过滤器”（FLTF）的渗透率。 MIF和呼吸频率均对Pfilter和TIL表现出显着影响（p <0.05）。呼吸频率的增加使N95 FFR的TIL升高，而SM则没有明显的趋势。 MIF增加会增加Pfilter并降低TIL会导致FLTF比率降低。大多数FLTF比率> 1，这表明在不同的呼吸频率下，面部密封泄漏是主要的颗粒渗透途径。呼吸频率是另一个可以显着影响N95 FFR性能的因素（MIF除外），较高的呼吸频率会提高TIL。对于测试的SM，未观察到随着MIF或呼吸频率TIL增加或减少的一致趋势。为了将这些发现潜在地扩展到所使用的人体模型/呼吸系统之外，需要进行进一步的研究以充分理解引起呼吸频率影响人类受试者呼吸保护装置性能的机制。

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