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Ruthenium Nanocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis: A Review

机译：氨合成钌纳米催化剂的研究进展

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摘要

Despite technological developments within the past century, ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen is still highly energy intensive due to high-pressure operation. Even with recently introduced Ru-based catalysts with superior performance over conventional iron-based catalysts, there is still room for improvements to approach the theoretical minimum energy consumption. A novel approach is to use nanostructured components in catalyst formulation. Reducing Ru crystallite size to nanometers could greatly increase catalytic activity by increasing surface area as well as by the structure sensitivity of ammonia synthesis over Ru-based catalysts due to the increase of the density of highly active B-5 sites. The control of Ru particle size and shape in the nanometer range and stabilization of the particles by appropriate innovative preparation techniques are key factors for development of commercial Ru nanocatalysts. Theoretical and experimental studies on actives sites and metal-promoter and metal-support interactions by advanced computational and characterization methods are also essential.
机译：尽管在过去的一个世纪中技术发展，但是由于高压运行，由氮和氢合成氨仍然是高能量密集型的。即使最近引入的Ru基催化剂的性能优于常规铁基催化剂，仍存在改进的空间，以达到理论上的最低能耗。一种新颖的方法是在催化剂配方中使用纳米结构组分。将Ru微晶尺寸减小至纳米可以通过增加表面积以及由于高活性B-5位点的密度增加而使氨合成对Ru基催化剂的结构敏感性大大提高催化活性。通过适当的创新制备技术控制Ru的粒径和形状在纳米范围内以及稳定颗粒是开发工业化Ru纳米催化剂的关键因素。通过先进的计算和表征方法对活性位点以及金属-促进剂和金属-载体相互作用的理论和实验研究也至关重要。

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