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首页> 外文期刊>CNS drug reviews >Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature.
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Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature.

机译：阿普唑仑的临床药理，临床疗效和行为毒性：文献综述。

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Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative that is currently used in the treatment of generalized anxiety, panic attacks with or without agoraphobia, and depression. Alprazolam has a fast onset of symptom relief (within the first week); it is unlikely to produce dependency or abuse. No tolerance to its therapeutic effect has been reported. At discontinuation of alprazolam treatment, withdrawal and rebound symptoms are common. Hence, alprazolam discontinuation must be tapered. An exhaustive review of the literature showed that alprazolam is significantly superior to placebo, and is at least equally effective in the relief of symptoms as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as imipramine. However, although alprazolam and imipramine are significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of panic attacks, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) appear to be superior to either of the two drugs. Therefore, alprazolam is recommended as a second line treatment option, when SSRIs are not effective or well tolerated. In addition to its therapeutic effects, alprazolam produces adverse effects, such as drowsiness and sedation. Since alprazolam is widely used, many clinical studies investigated its cognitive and psychomotor effects. It is evident from these studies that alprazolam may impair performance in a variety of skills in healthy volunteers as well as in patients. Since the majority of alprazolam users are outpatients, this behavioral impairment limits the safe use of alprazolam in patients routinely engaged in potentially dangerous daily activities, such as driving a car.
机译：阿普唑仑是一种苯二氮卓衍生物，目前用于治疗广泛性焦虑症，伴或不伴恐慌症的惊恐发作和抑郁症。阿普唑仑具有快速的症状缓解发作（在第一周内）;它不太可能产生依赖性或滥用。没有报道对其治疗效果有耐受性。停用阿普唑仑治疗时，戒断和反弹症状很常见。因此，阿普唑仑停药必须是渐缩的。详尽的文献研究表明，阿普唑仑明显优于安慰剂，并且在缓解症状方面至少与三环抗抑郁药（TCA）（如丙咪嗪）等效。然而，尽管阿普唑仑和丙咪嗪在惊恐发作的治疗中比安慰剂有效得多，但选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）似乎优于两种药物。因此，当SSRI无效或耐受性良好时，建议将阿普唑仑作为第二线治疗选择。除其治疗作用外，阿普唑仑还产生不良反应，例如嗜睡和镇静。由于阿普唑仑被广泛使用，因此许多临床研究对其认知和精神运动作用进行了研究。从这些研究中可以明显看出，阿普唑仑可能会损害健康志愿者和患者各种技能的表现。由于大多数阿普唑仑使用者是门诊病人，这种行为障碍限制了阿普唑仑在例行从事潜在危险的日常活动（例如开车）的患者中的安全使用。

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