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Animal models of psoriasis.

机译：牛皮癣的动物模型。

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Research into the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been severely hampered by the lack of a naturally occurring disorder in laboratory animals that mimics the complex phenotype and pathogenesis of the human disease. A large variety of spontaneous mutations, genetically engineered rodents, immunological reconstitution approaches, and xenotransplantation models have been used to study specific aspects of the pathophysiology of psoriasis, however. Several manipulations of resident cutaneous cell types or immigrating immunocytes appear to result in remarkably similar hyperproliferative inflammatory phenotypes in mice, thus suggesting that interfering with cutaneous homeostasis in general may ultimately result in a rather uniform reaction pattern that mirrors some features of psoriasis. Fully animal models of psoriasis have nonetheless not only shed light on the biological functions of given inflammatory mediators or other molecules but also tremendously contributed to the discussion on central pathogenic questions, such as the roles of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells in psoriasis. Psoriasis research has also been greatly nourished by xenotransplantation of diseased or unaffected human skin onto immunocompromised recipients, an approach that has in many variations been used to study the role of T lymphocytes and other cells and that has been used for preclinical therapeutic studies. General approaches to generate animal models of psoriasis, features of some specific models, their value for psoriasis research, and their use for drug development are discussed in this article.
机译：由于缺乏模拟人类疾病的复杂表型和发病机制的实验动物中自然发生的疾病，严重阻碍了牛皮癣发病机制的研究。然而，各种各样的自发突变，基因工程啮齿动物，免疫重建方法和异种移植模型已被用于研究牛皮癣的病理生理学的特定方面。驻留皮肤细胞类型或迁移免疫细胞的几种操作似乎在小鼠中导致异常相似的过度增殖性炎症表型，因此表明，一般而言，干扰皮肤稳态可最终导致相当均匀的反应模式，反映出牛皮癣的某些特征。牛皮癣的完整动物模型不仅揭示了给定炎性介质或其他分子的生物学功能，而且极大地促进了关于中枢致病性问题的讨论，例如先天和适应性免疫机制，角质形成细胞和内皮细胞的作用在牛皮癣。通过将患病或未患病的人皮肤异种移植到免疫受损的受体上，也大大滋养了牛皮癣的研究，该方法在许多方面已用于研究T淋巴细胞和其他细胞的作用，并且已用于临床前治疗研究。本文讨论了生成牛皮癣动物模型的一般方法，某些特定模型的功能，其在牛皮癣研究中的价值及其在药物开发中的用途。

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