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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of personality and social psychology >Changing Theories of Change: Strategic Shifting in Implicit Theory Endorsement
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Changing Theories of Change: Strategic Shifting in Implicit Theory Endorsement

机译：变革理论的变革：内隐理论认可的战略转变

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摘要

People differ in their implicit theories about the malleability of characteristics such as intelligence and personality. These relatively chronic theories can be experimentally altered, and can be affected by parent or teacher feedback. Little is known about whether people might selectively shift their implicit beliefs in response to salient situational goals. We predicted that, when motivated to reach a desired conclusion, people might subtly shift their implicit theories of change and stability to garner supporting evidence for their desired position. Any motivated context in which a particular lay theory would help people to reach a preferred directional conclusion could elicit shifts in theory endorsement. We examine a variety of motivated situational contexts across 7 studies, finding that people's theories of change shifted in line with goals to protect self and liked others and to cast aspersions on disliked others. Studies 1-3 demonstrate how people regulate their implicit theories to manage self-view by more strongly endorsing an incremental theory after threatening performance feedback or memories of failure. Studies 4-6 revealed that people regulate the implicit theories they hold about favored and reviled political candidates, endorsing an incremental theory to forgive preferred candidates for past gaffes but leaning toward an entity theory to ensure past failings "stick" to opponents. Finally, in Study 7, people who were most threatened by a previously convicted child sex offender (i.e., parents reading about the offender moving to their neighborhood) gravitated most to the entity view that others do not change. Although chronic implicit theories are undoubtedly meaningful, this research reveals a previously unexplored source of fluidity by highlighting the active role people play in managing their implicit theories in response to goals.
机译：人们在关于诸如智力和个性之类的特征的可延展性的隐含理论上存在分歧。这些相对长期的理论可以通过实验改变，并可能受到家长或老师反馈的影响。人们是否会根据重要的情景目标选择性地转移其内在信念，这一点鲜为人知。我们预测，当人们有动机得出期望的结论时，人们可能会巧妙地改变其内在的变化和稳定性理论，以获取支持其期望地位的证据。在特定的外行理论可以帮助人们达成首选方向性结论的任何有动机的背景下，都可能引起理论认可的转变。我们在7项研究中考察了各种有动机的情境，发现人们的变革理论与保护自我和喜欢的人以及向不喜欢的人施压的目标一致。研究1-3展示了人们在威胁绩效反馈或失败记忆后，如何通过更强烈地支持渐进理论来调节自己的内隐理论来管理自我看法。研究4-6显示，人们调节着他们所偏爱的，受宠若惊的政治候选人的隐含理论，赞同一种渐进理论来原谅过去的失态的首选候选人，但倾向于采用实体理论来确保过去的失败“黏附”于对手。最后，在研究7中，受先前定罪的儿童性犯罪者威胁最大的人（即父母读到犯罪者搬到附近社区的信息）最倾向于实体认为其他人不会改变。尽管慢性隐性理论无疑是有意义的，但这项研究通过强调人们在响应目标管理其隐性理论中所发挥的积极作用，揭示了以前未曾探索过的流动性来源。

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