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How surveillance begets perceptions of dishonesty: The case of the counterfactual sinner

机译：监视如何生出不诚实的观念：反事实罪人案

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摘要

Three studies support the hypothesis that observers' impressions of actors reflect not only what actors do but also what they can easily be imagined doing. Participants in Studies I and 2 observed a 10-year-old boy take a math test in a context in which the incentive to cheat and the constraints against cheating varied. When the incentive to cheat was high but the likelihood of getting caught was also high, observers perceived a target who resisted the temptation to cheat as less honest than the average boy. This effect was not found when the incentive to cheat was low, which suggests that its occurrence under high temptation resulted from observers in that condition generating the counterfactual thought that the target would have cheated had the likelihood of detection been low. Study 3 further supported the link between spontaneous counterfactual thought and inferences of dishonesty. The implications of the counterfactual correspondence bias are discussed.
机译：三项研究支持以下假设：观察者对演员的印象不仅反映了演员的行为，而且还反映了他们容易想象的行为。研究一和研究二的参与者观察到一个10岁的男孩在作弊的动机和反对作弊的约束各不相同的情况下接受了数学测试。当作弊的动机很高，但被欺骗的可能性也很高时，观察者会认为一个拒绝作弊诱惑的目标比普通男孩不那么诚实。当作弊动机低时未发现此效果，这表明它在高诱惑下的发生是由观察者在该条件下产生的，事实是如果检测到的可能性很低，目标就会被欺骗。研究3进一步支持了自发的反事实思想与不诚实推理之间的联系。讨论了反事实对应偏差的含义。

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