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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Political Economy >The political economy of employment protection
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The political economy of employment protection

机译：就业保护的政治经济学

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摘要

This paper develops a model of job creation and job destruction in a growing economy with embodied technical progress, which I use to analyze the political support for employment protection laws such as the ones that are observed in most European countries. In voting in favor of employment protection, incumbent employees trade off lower living standards (because employment protection maintains workers in less productive activities) against longer job duration. The latter is valued because the employed have rents, achieving wages above their alternative value. The gains from, and consequently the political support for, employment protection are larger the lower the rate of creative destruction (i.e., the lower the growth rate) and the larger the employed's bargaining power. Hence, employment protection is more likely to arise in economies with greater worker bargaining power. Also, workers in older vintages are more in favor of employment protection. Consequently, greater initial protection increases its own support by maintaining a larger fraction of the workforce in older vintages. Finally, if workers can invest ex ante in match-specific human capital, multiple steady-state political equilibria may arise, as the outcome of the mutual feedback between employee rents and employment protection.
机译：本文建立了一个在不断发展的经济中具有明显技术进步的工作机会创造和工作破坏的模型，我用它来分析对就业保护法律的政治支持，例如大多数欧洲国家所遵循的法律。在投票赞成就业保护时，现任雇员在较低的生活水平（因为就业保护使工人从事较少的生产活动）与较长的工作时间之间进行权衡。后者之所以被估价是因为受雇者有租金，从而使工资达到了其替代价值之上。就业保护的收益，以及由此获得的政治支持，越大，创造性破坏的速度越低（即，增长率越低），就业人员的议价能力就越大。因此，在具有更大议价能力的经济体中，就业保护更有可能出现。另外，老式酒的工人更喜欢就业保护。因此，更大的初始保护通过在较旧的年份中保持较大比例的劳动力来增加自身的支持。最后，如果工人可以事前投资特定于比赛的人力资本，则可能会出现多种稳态的政治平衡，这是员工租金与就业保护之间相互反馈的结果。

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