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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical immunology: The official journal of the Clinical Immunology Society >Autoimmunity during lymphopenia: a two-hit model.
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Autoimmunity during lymphopenia: a two-hit model.

机译：淋巴细胞减少症期间的自身免疫：两次打击模型。

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The immune system has evolved elaborate mechanisms to respond to diverse antigens while minimizing the risk for autoimmune reactivity. During lymphopenia, however, some mechanisms that normally serve to maintain host tolerance are temporarily suspended. Peripheral T cells proliferate in response to self-antigens in lymphopenic hosts, but proliferation toward these same antigens is prevented when T cell numbers are normal. This process, termed homeostatic peripheral expansion, augments peripheral T cell number and limits repertoire skewing during recovery from lymphopenia and also predisposes lymphopenic hosts to autoimmune disease. This paper reviews murine and human settings in which autoimmunity occurs in the context of lymphopenia. We propose a two-hit model, in which lymphopenia plus another insult is sufficient to induce autoimmune disease. Among the secondary insults that appear sufficient to induce autoimmunity during lymphopenia are overproduction of IL-21 as occurs in the NOD.SCID mouse, depletion of Tregs as demonstrated in murine colitis and gastritis models, and tissue inflammation as seen in HIV infected patients who develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Delineating critical cofactors which result in autoimmune disease during lymphopenia can provide insight into the pathophysiology of naturally occurring autoimmune diseases as well as generating testable hypothesis for inducing tumor-specific autoimmunity in lymphopenic hosts with cancer.
机译：免疫系统已发展出完善的机制来对多种抗原作出反应，同时将自身免疫反应的风险降至最低。然而，在淋巴细胞减少症期间，一些通常用于维持宿主耐受性的机制被暂时中止。外周T细胞在淋巴细胞减少的宿主中响应自身抗原而增殖，但是当T细胞数量正常时，向这些相同抗原的增殖被阻止。该过程称为稳态外周扩张，可增加外周T细胞数量并限制从淋巴细胞减少症恢复过程中的曲目倾斜，也使淋巴细胞减少型宿主易患自身免疫性疾病。本文回顾了鼠和人类在淋巴细胞减少的情况下发生自身免疫的环境。我们提出了两次打击模型，其中淋巴细胞减少症和另一种侮辱足以诱发自身免疫性疾病。似乎足以在淋巴细胞减少期间诱导自身免疫的继发性损伤包括NOD.SCID小鼠中IL-21的过度产生，鼠结肠炎和胃炎模型中证明的Treg耗竭以及HIV感染患者的组织炎症免疫重建炎症综合症（IRIS）。描绘在淋巴细胞减少症期间导致自身免疫疾病的关键辅因子可以提供对自然发生的自身免疫疾病的病理生理学的见识，并提供可证明的假设，以在患有癌症的淋巴细胞减少宿主中诱导肿瘤特异性自身免疫。

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