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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: APhA >Prevention and management of colorectal cancer in women.
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Prevention and management of colorectal cancer in women.

机译：妇女大肠癌的预防和管理。

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OBJECTIVE: To review prevention and management strategies for colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on studies pertaining to women. DATA SOURCES: Articles published from January 1990 through February 2001 identified through a MEDLINE search using the term colorectal cancer and the additional terms screening, prevention, and treatment. Additional references were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Colorectal cancer is the third most common non-skin cancer in women, after breast and lung cancers. Many women underestimate their risk of colorectal cancer, which may lead them to underuse screening measures that have been proven to reduce disease morbidity and mortality. For average-risk women and men > or = 50 years of age, pharmacists should recommend regular screening for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer. In its earliest, most curable stages, colorectal cancer is often asymptomatic. However, patients who report signs and symptoms, such as blood inthe stool, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or iron deficiency anemia, should be referred for medical evaluation. The use of chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormone replacement therapy, and dietary calcium, holds significant promise, but further studies are needed before these agents can be recommended for cancer prevention in the general population. Surgical resection is the primary treatment modality for colorectal cancer, and adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients with stage III disease and some high-risk patients with stage II disease. Pharmacists should be aware that women are more susceptible to dose-related toxicity effects of fluorouracil and leucovorin combination chemotherapy, the first-line regimen for adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Although often perceived as a disease that primarily affects men, colorectal cancer is an equally important health concern for women. By providing education and counseling, pharmacists can help raise women's awareness of this disease and encourage them to take steps to significantly reduce their risk.
机译：目的：回顾大肠癌的预防和管理策略，重点是与妇女有关的研究。数据来源：1990年1月至2001年2月发表的文章通过MEDLINE搜索，使用术语大肠癌以及其他术语筛选，预防和治疗进行了鉴定。从检索到的文献的书目中确定了其他参考文献。数据综合：大肠癌是女性中仅次于乳腺癌和肺癌的第三大非皮肤癌。许多妇女低估了他们罹患大肠癌的风险，这可能导致她们未充分利用筛查手段，这些手段已被证明可以降低疾病的发病率和死亡率。对于年龄大于或等于50岁的普通风险女性和男性，药剂师应建议定期筛查，以及早发现和预防结直肠癌。在最早，最可治愈的阶段，大肠癌通常是无症状的。但是，报告有体征和症状（例如大便中的血液，腹痛，排便习惯改变，无法解释的体重减轻或缺铁性贫血）的患者应进行医学评估。在大肠癌中使用化学预防剂（如非甾体类抗炎药，激素替代疗法和饮食中的钙）具有广阔的前景，但在将这些药物推荐用于一般人群的癌症预防之前，还需要进一步的研究。手术切除是结直肠癌的主要治疗方式，对于III期疾病的患者和某些II期疾病的高危患者，建议进行辅助化疗。药剂师应意识到，女性更容易接受氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸钙联合化疗（辅助化疗的一线方案）的剂量相关毒性作用。结论：尽管人们通常认为结直肠癌是一种主要影响男性的疾病，但它对女性的健康同样重要。通过提供教育和咨询，药剂师可以帮助提高妇女对这种疾病的认识，并鼓励她们采取措施来大大降低其患病风险。

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