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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >A numerical study of the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation: A development case and a nondevelopment case
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A numerical study of the impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation: A development case and a nondevelopment case

机译：干燥空气对热带气旋形成影响的数值研究：一个发展案例和一个非发展案例

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The impacts of dry air on tropical cyclone formation are examined in the numerical model simulations of ex-Gaston (2010) and pre-Fay (2008). The former, a remnant low downgraded from a short-lived tropical cyclone, can be regarded as a nondeveloping system because it failed to redevelop, and the latter developed into a tropical cyclone despite lateral dry air entrainment and a transient upper-level dry air intrusion. Water vapor budget analysis suggests that the mean vertical moisture transport plays the dominant role in moistening the free atmosphere. Backward trajectory analysis and water budget analysis show that vertical transport of dry air from the middle and upper troposphere, where a well-defined wave pouch is absent, contributes to the midlevel drying near the pouch center in ex-Gaston. The midlevel drying suppresses deep convection, reduces moisture supply from the boundary layer, and contributes to the nondevelopment of ex-Gaston. Threedimensional trajectory analysis based on the numerical model simulation of Fay suggests that dry air entrained at the pouch periphery tends to stay off the pouch center because of the weak midlevel inflow or gets moistened along its path even if it is being wrapped into the wave pouch. Lateral entrainment in the middle troposphere thus does not suppress convection near the pouch center or prevent the development of Tropical Storm Fay. This study suggests that the upper troposphere is a weak spot of the wave pouch at the early formation stage and that the vertical transport is likely a more direct pathway for dry air to influence moist convection near the pouch center.
机译：在前加斯顿（2010）和费耶（2008）之前的数值模型模拟中，研究了干燥空气对热带气旋形成的影响。前者是由于短暂的热带气旋而降级的残余低层，由于无法重建而被认为是不发达的系统，而后者尽管侧向干燥空气夹带和短暂的高层干空气侵入，却发展为热带气旋。 。水蒸气收支分析表明，平均垂直水分传输在润湿自由大气中起主要作用。向后的轨迹分析和水预算分析表明，来自对流层中层和高层对流层的干燥空气的垂直输送（缺少清晰定义的波状小袋），有助于前加仑小袋中心附近的中层干燥。中层干燥抑制了深度对流，减少了边界层的水分供应，并导致了前加斯顿地区的不发展。基于Fay数值模型模拟的三维轨迹分析表明，由于中等水平的流入较弱或即使包裹在波浪袋中也沿其路径被弄湿，在袋的外围夹带的干燥空气往往会远离袋中心。因此，对流层中部的侧向夹带并不能抑制小袋中心附近的对流，也不会阻止热带风暴菲的发展。这项研究表明，在对流层早期，对流层高层是波浪袋的薄弱点，垂直输送可能是干燥空气影响袋中心附近对流的更直接途径。

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