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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences >Linear Response Functions of a Cumulus Ensemble to Temperature and Moisture Perturbations and Implications for the Dynamics of Convectively Coupled Waves
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Linear Response Functions of a Cumulus Ensemble to Temperature and Moisture Perturbations and Implications for the Dynamics of Convectively Coupled Waves

机译：积云集合对温度和水分扰动的线性响应函数及其对流耦合波动力学的影响

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摘要

An approach is presented for the construction of linear response functions of a cumulus ensemble to large-scale temperature and moisture perturbations using a cloud system resolving model (CSRM). A set of time-invariant, horizontally homogeneous, anomalous temperature and moisture tendencies is added, one at a time, to the forcing of the CSRM. By recording the departure of the equilibrium domain-averaged temperature and moisture profiles from those of a control experiment and through a matrix inversion, a sufficiently complete and accurate set of linear response functions is constructed for use as a parameterization of the cumulus ensemble around the reference mean state represented by the control experiment. This approach is applied to two different mean state conditions in which the CSRM, when coupled with 2D gravity waves, exhibits interestingly different behaviors. With a more strongly convecting mean state forced by the large-scale vertical velocity profile taken from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE), spontaneous development of convectively coupled waves requires moisture variations above the boundary layer, whereas with a mean state of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) not forced by large-scale vertical advection, the development of convectively coupled waves is stronger and persists even when moisture variations above the boundary layer are removed. The linear response functions were able to reproduce these behaviors of the full CSRM with some quantitative accuracy. The linear response functions show that both temperature and moisture perturbations at a range of heights can regulate convective heating. The ability for convection to remove temperature anomalies, thus maintaining convective neutrality, decreases considerably from the lower troposphere to the middle and upper troposphere. It is also found that the response of convective heating to a lower tropospheric temperature anomaly is more top-heavy in the RCE case than in the TOGA COARE case. Comparing the linear response functions with the treatment of convection in an earlier simple model by the present author indicates general consistency, lending confidence that the instability mechanisms identified in that model provide the correct explanation to the instability seen in the CSRM simulations and the instability's dependence on the mean state.
机译：提出了一种使用云系统解析模型（CSRM）构建积云对大规模温度和湿度扰动的线性响应函数的方法。将一组时变，水平均匀，温度和湿度异常趋势一次添加到CSRM的强制中。通过记录平衡域平均温度和湿度曲线与对照实验的偏离，并通过矩阵求逆，构建了足够完整和准确的线性响应函数集，以用作参考周围积云集合的参数化对照实验代表的平均状态。此方法适用于两种不同的平均状态条件，其中CSRM与2D重力波耦合时会表现出有趣的不同行为。在热带和全球大气耦合海洋大气响应实验（TOGA COARE）的大规模垂直速度剖面的强迫下，对流平均状态具有更强的对流状态，对流耦合波的自发发展需要边界层以上的湿度变化，而在没有大规模垂直对流强迫的辐射对流平衡（RCE）的平均状态下，即使去除边界层上方的水分变化，对流耦合波的发展也更强并且持续存在。线性响应函数能够以一定的定量精度重现完整CSRM的这些行为。线性响应函数表明，在一定高度范围内的温度和湿度扰动都可以调节对流加热。对流消除温度异常的能力，从而保持对流中性，从对流层下部到对流层中上部到对流层明显减小。还发现在RCE情况下，对流加热对对流层温度异常的响应比在TOGA COARE情况下更重。本作者将线性响应函数与对流处理在较早的简单模型中进行比较表明了总体一致性，这使人相信该模型中确定的不稳定机制可以正确解释CSRM模拟中看到的不稳定以及不稳定对平均状态。

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