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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation >Estrogen/hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis interactions in the fetus: The interplay between placenta and fetal brain.
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Estrogen/hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis interactions in the fetus: The interplay between placenta and fetal brain.

机译：胎儿中雌激素/下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的相互作用：胎盘与胎儿大脑之间的相互作用。

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OBJECTIVE: The hormonal interactions between the placenta and the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are reviewed. METHODS: This review addresses data obtained from the chronically catheterized fetal sheep, drawing relevant comparisons to human fetuses. RESULTS: In the sheep, and perhaps in primate species, parturition is initiated by an increase in the activity of the HPA axis. The endogenous mechanisms underlying the increase in activity of the fetal HPA axis are incompletely understood but might involve an interplay between placenta and fetal hypothalamus and pituitary. Various hypotheses have been proposed, involving placental secretion of prostaglandins and various components of the fetal HPA axis. In the sheep, the influence of estradiol appears to be potent, and various experiments have suggested the possibility that, in late gestation, there exists a positive feedback relationship between placental estrogen secretion and pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion. Estradiol circulates in concentrations known to stimulate fetal ACTH secretion. Additionally, estradiol circulates in the form of estradiol-3-sulfate, a molecular form that is taken up by the fetal brain and deconjugated by steroid sulfatase, which is expressed in the fetal brain. Recent evidence suggests that the interaction between estradiol and ACTH might involve production of paracrine or autocrine substances in the fetal brain. One candidate mediator is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), highlighted by the action of estradiol on the expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGHS-2 or COX-2) in brain regions known to be important for controlling HPA activity. CONCLUSION: Estradiol, secreted by the placenta in increasing amounts in late gestation, is a potent stimulator of fetal ACTH secretion. The interactions between estradiol and the fetal HPA axis might function as a positive feedback loop that increases the concentrations of both hormones before birth.
机译：目的：探讨胎盘与胎儿下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴之间的激素相互作用。方法：本综述探讨了从慢性导管胎羊获得的数据，并对人类胎儿进行了相关比较。结果：在绵羊中，也许在灵长类动物中，分娩是由HPA轴活性的增加引起的。胎儿HPA轴活性增加的内源性机制尚未完全了解，但可能涉及胎盘与胎儿下丘脑和垂体之间的相互作用。已经提出了各种假设，包括胎盘中前列腺素的分泌和胎儿HPA轴的各种成分。在绵羊中，雌二醇的影响似乎很强，各种实验表明，在妊娠晚期，胎盘雌激素分泌与垂体促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）分泌之间存在正反馈关系的可能性。雌二醇以已知刺激胎儿ACTH分泌的浓度循环。另外，雌二醇以雌二醇-3-硫酸酯的形式循环，该分子形式被胎儿脑吸收并被类固醇硫酸酯酶解偶联，后者在胎儿脑中表达。最近的证据表明，雌二醇和促肾上腺皮质激素之间的相互作用可能涉及胎儿脑中旁分泌或自分泌物质的产生。一种候选介质是前列腺素E2（PGE2），其突出之处在于雌二醇对已知对控制HPA活性很重要的大脑区域中前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2（PGHS-2或COX-2）表达的作用。结论：雌二醇在妊娠晚期由胎盘分泌的数量增加，是胎儿ACTH分泌的有效刺激剂。雌二醇和胎儿HPA轴之间的相互作用可能充当正反馈回路，从而增加出生前两种激素的浓度。

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