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Clusters and comparative advantage: Implications for industrial policy

机译:集群与比较优势:对产业政策的影响

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摘要

Cases of industrial agglomeration or "clusters" arise in the presence of industry-specific and local externalities, also called Marshallian externalities. The standard argument is that such externalities may justify a policy of infant-industry protection to allow and encourage clusters to emerge. In this paper I explore this carefully, and show that different policy implications emerge under a more realistic modeling of clusters. In particular, rather than distorting prices to promote clusters in "advanced sectors" that may exhibit strong clustering possibilities, countries should focus instead on promoting clustering in current sectors, which have revealed to have the strongest comparative advantage. Import substitution is not a proper way to achieve this.
机译:在存在特定于行业的局部外部性(也称为马歇尔外部性)的情况下,出现了工业集聚或“集群”的情况。标准的论点是,这种外部性可以证明婴儿产业保护政策是允许和鼓励集群出现的正当理由。在本文中,我对此进行了仔细的探讨,并表明在更现实的集群模型下会出现不同的政策含义。特别是,各国不应扭曲价格以促进可能表现出强大集群可能性的“先进部门”集群,而应将重点放在促进当前部门的集群上,这些部门已显示出最强的比较优势。导入替换不是实现此目的的适当方法。

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