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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Royal Society Interface >Jaw protrusion enhances forces exerted on prey by suction feeding fishes
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Jaw protrusion enhances forces exerted on prey by suction feeding fishes

机译：下颌突出会增强吸食鱼对猎物的作用力

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摘要

The ability to protrude the jaws during prey capture is a hallmark of teleost fishes, widely recognized as one of the most significant innovations in their diverse and mechanically complex skull. An elaborated jaw protrusion mechanism has independently evolved multiple times in bony fishes, and is a conspicuous feature in several of their most spectacular radiations, ultimately being found in about half of the approximately 30 000 living species. Variation in jaw protrusion distance and speed is thought to have facilitated the remarkable trophic diversity found across fish groups, although the mechanical consequences of jaw protrusion for aquatic feeding performance remain unclear. Using a hydrodynamic approach, we show that rapid protrusion of the jaws towards the prey, coupled with the spatial pattern of the flow in front of the mouth, accelerates the water around the prey. Jaw protrusion provides an independent source of acceleration from that induced by the unsteady flow at the mouth aperture, increasing by up to 35% the total force exerted on attached, escaping and free-floating passive prey. Despite initiating the strike further away, fishes can increase peak force on their prey by protruding their jaws towards it, compared with a 'non-protruding' state, where the distance to prey remains constant throughout the strike. The force requirements for capturing aquatic prey might have served as a selective factor for the evolution of jaw protrusion in modern fishes.
机译：捕获猎物时使颌骨突出的能力是硬骨鱼类的标志，被广泛认为是其多样化且机械复杂的头骨中最重要的创新之一。精心制作的颌骨突出机制已在骨质鱼类中独立演化了多次，并且在其最壮观的几种辐射中具有明显的特征，最终在大约3万个活物种中约有一半被发现。颚突距离和速度的变化被认为促进了整个鱼类群的显着营养多样性，尽管颚突对水生饲养性能的机械影响尚不清楚。使用流体力学方法，我们显示了颌部朝猎物的快速突出，再加上嘴前流的空间格局，加速了猎物周围的水流。钳口突起提供了独立的加速度源，而不是由嘴孔处的不稳定流动所引起的加速度源，该加速度源将施加在附着的，逃逸的和自由漂浮的被动猎物上的总力提高了35％。尽管启动罢工的距离较远，但与“非伸出”状态相比，鱼在整个罢工过程中与猎物的距离保持恒定，与之相比，通过使颚部朝下突出，可以增加对猎物的最大作用力。捕获水生猎物所需的力量可能已成为现代鱼类颌骨突出演变的选择因素。

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