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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Theoretical Biology >Can cat predation help competitors coexist in seabird communities?
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Can cat predation help competitors coexist in seabird communities?

机译：猫的捕食能帮助竞争对手在海鸟社区中共存吗？

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摘要

On oceanic islands, nest site availability can be an important factor regulating seabird population dynamics. The potential for birds to secure a nest to reproduce can be an important component of their life histories. The dates at which different seabird species arrive at colonies to breed will have important consequences for their relative chances of success. Early arrival on the island allows birds to obtain nests more easily and have higher reproductive success. However, the presence of an introduced predator may reverse this situation. For instance, in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago, early arriving birds suffer heavy predation from introduced cats. Cats progressively switch from seabirds to rabbits, since the local rabbit population starts to peak after early arriving seabird species have already returned to the colony. When late-arriving birds arrive, cat predation pressure on seabirds is thus weaker. In this paper, we investigate the assumption that the advantage of early nest mnopolization conferred to early arriving birds may be counterbalanced by the cost resulting from predation. We develop a mathematical model representing a simplified situation in which two insular seabird species differ only in their arrival date at the colony site and compete for nesting sites. We conclude that predation may ensure the coexistence of the two bird species or favor the late-arriving species, but only when seasonal variations in predation pressure are large. Interestingly, we conclude that arriving early is only favorable until a given level where high reproductive success no longer compensates for the long exposure to strong predation pressure. Our work suggests that predation can help to maintain the balance between species of different phenologies.
机译：在海洋岛屿上，巢穴的可用性可能是调节海鸟种群动态的重要因素。鸟类保护巢穴繁殖的潜力可能是其生活史的重要组成部分。不同海鸟物种到达殖民地繁殖的日期将对其成功的相对机会产生重要影响。早日到达岛上使鸟类更容易获得巢穴并获得更高的繁殖成功率。但是，引入的捕食者的存在可能会扭转这种情况。例如，在南极克格伦群岛南部，早到的鸟类遭受了引进猫的严重捕食。猫逐渐从海鸟变成兔子，因为在早期到达的海鸟物种已经返回殖民地之后，当地兔子的数量开始达到顶峰。当晚到的鸟类到达时，猫对海鸟的捕食压力因此减弱。在本文中，我们研究了这样的假设，即早期到达的家禽被赋予优先权的优势可能被捕食带来的成本所抵消。我们开发了一种数学模型，表示一种简化的情况，其中两种岛屿海鸟物种在到达殖民地的日期仅不同，它们竞争筑巢地点。我们得出的结论是，只有当捕食压力的季节性变化较大时，捕食才可以确保两种鸟类的共存或有利于晚到物种。有趣的是，我们得出的结论是，提早到达只有在给定的水平之前才是有利的，在该水平上，较高的繁殖成功率不再弥补长期遭受强捕食压力的影响。我们的工作表明，捕食有助于保持不同物候物种之间的平衡。

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