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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part B. Critical reviews >BIOMONITORING OF HUMAN FETAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS IN EARLY PREGNANCY
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BIOMONITORING OF HUMAN FETAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS IN EARLY PREGNANCY

机译：早期孕妇对环境化学品的生物暴露监测

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The first trimester of human fetal life, a period of extremely rapid development of physiological systems, represents the most rapid growth phase in human life. Interference in the establishment of organ systems may result in abnormal development that may be manifest immediately or programmed for later abnormal function. Exposure to environmental chemicals may be affecting development at these early stages, and yet there is limited knowledge of the quantities and identities of the chemicals to which the fetus is exposed during early pregnancy. Clearly, opportunities for assessing fetal chemical exposure directly are extremely limited. Hence, this review describes indirect means of assessing fetal exposure in early pregnancy to chemicals that are considered disrupters of development. Consideration is given to such matrices as maternal hair, fingernails, urine, saliva, sweat, breast milk, amniotic fluid and blood, and fetal matrices such as cord blood, cord tissue, meconium, placenta, and fetal liver. More than 150 articles that presented data from chemical analysis of human maternal and fetal tissues and fluids were reviewed. Priority was given to articles where chemical analysis was conducted in more than one matrix. Where correlations between maternal and fetal matrices were determined, these articles were included and are highlighted, as these may provide the basis for future investigations of early fetal exposure. The determination of fetal chemical exposure, at the time of rapid human growth and development, will greatly assist regulatory agencies in risk assessments and establishment of advisories for risk management concerning environmental chemicals.
机译：胎儿生命的头三个月是生理系统极快发展的时期，代表了人类生命中最快速的生长阶段。干扰器官系统的建立可能会导致异常发展，这种异常发展可能立即显现出来或被编程用于以后的异常功能。暴露于环境化学物质可能会影响这些早期阶段的发育，但对胎儿在妊娠早期所接触的化学物质的数量和特性的了解有限。显然，直接评估胎儿化学暴露的机会非常有限。因此，本综述描述了评估胎儿在早期妊娠中接触被视为破坏发育的化学物质的间接方法。考虑诸如母体头发，指甲，尿液，唾液，汗液，母乳，羊水和血液的基质，以及诸如脐带血，脐带组织，胎粪，胎盘和胎肝的胎儿基质。超过150篇文章提供了来自人类母体和胎儿组织及体液化学分析的数据，并进行了综述。优先考虑在多个基质中进行化学分析的文章。在确定母体和胎儿矩阵之间的相关性的地方，将这些文章包括在内并突出显示，因为它们可能为将来的早期胎儿暴露调查提供基础。在人类快速成长和发展时，确定胎儿化学品的暴露程度将极大地帮助监管机构进行风险评估和建立有关环境化学品的风险管理咨询。

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