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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Toxicology-Toxin Reviews >Aflatoxin and Food Safety: Recent South American Perspectives
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Aflatoxin and Food Safety: Recent South American Perspectives

机译：黄曲霉毒素与食品安全：南美近期观点

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摘要

South America (SA) is predominantly a tropical and subtropical continent and provides environmental conditions favorable for fungus growth on food crops, especially the species Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Depending on the grain and weather conditions in certain regions of SA, high levels of aflatoxins (AFLs) can be produced during harvesting or storage. That is a real problem in most of the continent. South American economies rely upon government policies to address issues of food safety. As expected, the exporting countries must comply with the standards and regulations that are implemented by the importing country. Thus, the highest quality and safest commodity food products are sold internationally. Conversely, food for internal consumption does not meet the same high quality standards compared with exports. Some SA governments have established food safety guidelines and regulations for AFL control in national food supplies. Research is currently being conducted to determine the levels of naturally occurring AFLs in a range of locally processed foods. These countries include: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Uruguay, the main grain exporting countries in SA. Most contaminated food commodities in SA include peanut and peanut products, followed by corn. The regions most affected by AFL contamination in SA include mainly the peanut-producing countries of northern SA as well as Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. Aflatoxin contamination of feeds and foodstuffs seems greater in Colombia and Ecuador. On the other hand, AFLs in corn is high in Venezuela. This review summarizes work published on AFLs throughout the previous decade. While most of the research has been performed in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, other SA countries including Colombia and Venezuela also have played an important role in AFL research. Conversely, few studies on AFLs have been performed in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, and no studies have been done in French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, and Suriname. There is a lack of data on the SA population exposure to AFLs, either using biomarkers or by evaluating the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relation to AFLs in SA diets.
机译：南美洲（SA）主要是热带和亚热带大陆，并提供了有利于粮食作物真菌生长的环境条件，尤其是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉。根据南非某些地区的谷物和天气状况，在收获或储存期间会产生高水平的黄曲霉毒素（AFL）。在非洲大陆的大部分地区，这是一个真正的问题。南美经济体依靠政府政策来解决食品安全问题。如预期的那样，出口国必须遵守进口国执行的标准和法规。因此，最高质量和最安全的商品食品在国际上销售。相反，与出口相比，用于内部消费的食品不符合相同的高质量标准。南澳大利亚州的一些政府已经制定了食品安全准则和法规，以控制国家食品中的AFL。目前正在进行研究以确定一系列本地加工食品中天然存在的AFL含量。这些国家包括：巴西，阿根廷的主要谷物出口国巴西，阿根廷，哥伦比亚，委内瑞拉和乌拉圭。南半球最受污染的食品包括花生和花生制品，其次是玉米。南澳大利亚州受AFL污染影响最大的地区主要包括南非洲北部的花生生产国以及巴西，阿根廷，乌拉圭和巴拉圭。在哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔，饲料和食品中的黄曲霉毒素污染似乎更大。另一方面，委内瑞拉玉米中的AFL较高。这篇综述总结了过去十年在AFL上发表的工作。尽管大多数研究是在巴西，阿根廷和乌拉圭进行的，但包括哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉在内的其他南非国家在AFL研究中也发挥了重要作用。相反，在玻利维亚，智利，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁，很少有关于AFL的研究，而在法国的圭亚那，圭亚那，巴拉圭和苏里南则没有进行任何研究。缺乏使用生物标记或通过评估SA饮食中肝细胞癌（HCC）的发生率及其与AFL的关系来了解SA人群暴露于AFL的数据。

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