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首页> 外文期刊>Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences >PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES IN ROMANIAN TRITICALE BREEDING PROGRAM
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PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES IN ROMANIAN TRITICALE BREEDING PROGRAM

机译：罗马尼亚小麦育种计划的现状与展望

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摘要

Triticale is grown in Romania, mainly, in the hilly regions on the acid poor fertile soils and covers, yearly, around 100-130 thousands ha or 1.5 % from the arable land. Since 1971, when the breeding program has been started, up to present, it has been developed an adapted triticale germplasm for the Romanian environmental conditions and 12 new varieties have been registered. Genetic progress for yield, estimated over a 27 years, is by 46 kg ha1 year1 or 0.80 % year1, similarly with those realized inthe most dynamic triticale breeding programs of the world. The improving of yields has been achieved by an increased number of kernels per spikes, plumpness of kernels, test weight and reduction of the plant height by introduction in the Romanian triticale germplasm of RhtBIb (Rht1) and Ddw1 (HI) genes. The genetic gain for reduction of plant height, in this period, was estimated at 1.16 cm yr1.Further progress regarding yield stability under conditions of global climatic changes, a broader genetic diversity for preharvest sprouting (PHS), drought tolerance, earliness, high canopy albedo, diseases resistance, especially for fusarium head blight(low DON content in kernels), leaf rust and BYDV, is required.
机译：小黑麦主要生长在罗马尼亚的酸性贫瘠肥沃土壤上的丘陵地区，每年覆盖约100-130万公顷或占耕地的1.5％。自1971年开始育种计划以来，到目前为止，已经为罗马尼亚环境条件开发了适应性黑小麦种质，并注册了12个新品种。估计在27年中，单产的遗传进步为46 kg ha1年1或0.80％年1，与世界上最有活力的黑小麦育种计划中实现的类似。通过向罗马尼亚小黑麦种质中引入RhtBIb（Rht1）和Ddw1（HI）基因，增加了每个穗粒的粒数，仁的饱满度，容重和植株高度的降低，从而提高了产量。在此期间，降低植物高度的遗传增益估计为1.16 cm yr1。在全球气候变化，收获前发芽（PHS）的遗传多样性，耐旱性，早期性，高冠层条件下，关于产量稳定性的进一步进展反照率需要抗病性，特别是对于镰刀菌枯萎病（籽粒中的DON含量低），叶锈病和BYDV。

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