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首页> 外文期刊>Journal Of The South African Institute Of Mining & Metallurgy >Pillar behaviour and seismicity in platinum mines
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Pillar behaviour and seismicity in platinum mines

机译：铂金矿的支柱行为和地震活动

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Crush pillars ate widely used in mine workings on the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex to prevent panel collapses. Crush pillars are expected to fail as or soon after they emerge from the face and failure should occur non-viotently. Unfortunately, violent failure occurs frequently and is said to be the main cause of seismicity associated with mining of the Merensky Reef. Recent work by Napier, Malan, and du Plessis has shown that ttmit-equilibrium quasi-static models are able to simulate pillar failure using three states of strength of rock in pillars, namely intact, residual after failure, and decayed strength after later time-dependent (viscous) weakening. We have previously introduced an additional state of strength to account for the dynamic failure that results in seismic events, and found at this approach, could be used to generate synthetic seismic catalogues similar to observed seismicity for deep-level gold mines, where seismicity takes place mostly on advancing faces. The less brittle seam material of the Merensky Reef, compared to the brittle quartzites and lavas of the Witwatersrand reefe, results in little or no face bursting and Is modelled with an assumed plastic strain of some 0.005 over an effective stope width of 2 m before failure. When this plastic yield is surpassed, we allow the reef to fail 'seismically'.We show that synthetic seismic catalogues modelled in this way have some of the features of observed seismicity. Analysis is greatly facilitated using our custom-built software that reads the mine's survey data into a database and presents results in an interactive graphical form.
机译：布什维尔德综合体的梅伦斯基礁的矿山工程中广泛使用压碎支柱，以防止面板塌陷。压碎支柱预计会在其从表面露出后立即失效，并且应该非暴力地发生失效。不幸的是，暴力破坏频繁发生，被认为是与开采梅伦斯基礁石有关的地震活动的主要原因。纳皮尔（Napier），马兰（Malan）和杜普莱西斯（du Plessis）的最新研究表明，ttmit平衡准静态模型能够使用三种强度的岩石状态模拟支柱破坏，这些状态分别是完好无损，破坏后的残余以及后期的强度衰减。依赖性（粘性）减弱。我们先前已经引入了一种额外的强度状态，以解决导致地震事件的动态失效，并且在这种方法下发现，可以用于生成类似于发生地震活动的深层金矿的观​​测地震活动的合成地震目录大多在前进的脸上。与威特沃特格兰德碎石的脆性石英岩和熔岩相比，梅伦斯基礁的脆性较弱，导致面破裂很少或没有破裂，并且在破坏前2 m的有效采场宽度上假设的塑性应变为0.005左右。 。当超过此塑性屈服时，我们允许礁石“地震破坏”。我们表明，以这种方式建模的综合地震目录具有观察到的地震活动的某些特征。使用我们的定制软件可以极大地方便分析，该软件将矿山的勘测数据读入数据库并以交互式图形形式显示结果。

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